204 NTMPHALIDJE. 



Pupa. Proportionately to the size of the imago, rather short 

 but broad, with the dorsum more or less curved, and the head and 

 thorax often covered with angular prominences. It is, without 

 any known exception in this subfamily, suspended by the tail 

 and entirely destitute of any medial supporting girth. 



Imago. Head of medium or large size and more or less hairy ; 

 antenna? close together at base, entirely or partly scaled, never 

 entirely without scales as in the Danaina* ; club variable, long, 

 narrow and gradual, or short, broad and abrupt, often flattened ; 

 eyes naked or hairy ; palpi generally broad anteriorly, erect, some- 

 times subporrect ; thorax as a rule robust, in some very broad and 

 stout, remarkably so in Charaoces and in some of the forms of 

 Enthalia ; wings ample, broad in proportion to length. Narrow- 

 winged forms, such as Callinaga and some forms of Neptis, or 

 forms with feeble flight and delicate wings, such as Cyrestis, are 

 very few among the Indian Nymphalinm. The pattern and colour 

 of the wings in this subfamily are most varied ; there is no leading 

 type of pattern or coloration common to many genera, such as 

 is found, for instance, in the Danaince in the general similarity 

 between the upper and under sides of the wings, or in the Satyrince 

 and Morphince in the very common ocellation of the underside of 

 the hind wing. Discoidal cell in both fore and hind wing very 

 often open or closed only by a slender inconspicuous veinlet ; the 

 closed cell often occurs only in the fore wing. Anastomosis of 

 the branches of the subcostal vein in the fore wing (veins 8-11) 

 is rare, and still more rare is the inflation at base of the costal 

 vein (vein 12) — features so common in the Satyrince. The dorsal 

 margin of the hind wing is channelled to receive the abdomen. The 

 fore legs have the family character of reduction in size very marked. 

 Two exceptions, however, occur : the females of Pseudergolis and 

 Callinaga have the fore legs functionally perfect and well formed. 



" In their habits in the perfect state, they (the forms of the Nym- 

 phalince) are pre-eminently bold, sunshine-loving insects, never 

 skulking in the shade amongst trees and bushes as do the butterflies 

 of the subfamilies Morphince and Satyrince. They also usually rest 

 with the wings widely spread open " (de Niceville.) 



Key to the Genera of the JNymphalinae. 



A. Costa of fore wing serrated. 



a. Cell of both fore and hind wing closed Chabaxes, p. 208. 



h. Cell of fore wing closed, of hind wing open. . EuLEns, p. 219. 

 P>. Costa of fore wing not serrated. 



a. Cell of both fore and hind wing closed. 

 a'. Eyes hairy. 



« 2 . Fore wing: vein 10 out of 7, not free . . Dilipa, p. 235, 

 b 2 . Fore wing : vein 10 out of subcostal, free. 

 a 3 . Hind wing without prediscoidal cell. 

 a 4 . Pore wing: veins 3 and 4 from 

 lower apex of cell. 

 a\ Hind wing: cell very short, [p. 249. 



barely one-third length of wing. Stibochiana, 



