PANTOPOEIA. 313 



d 1 ?. Upperside: <$ velvety black, $ very dark brown, suffused 

 with bluish in certain lights. Eore wing : a medial anterior and 

 a preapical larger whitish spot in cell; posteriorly in the cell, 

 beyond its apex and below it at base of interspace 1, some dull 

 obscure blue spots ; a discal series of white spots, three elongate 

 placed obliquely from just beyond middle of costa, two more 

 inwards in interspaces 2 and 3, one in middle of interspaces 1 a 

 and 1 ; the spot in interspace 2 very large truncate exteriorly, 

 the spot in interspace 3 elongate. Beyond these spots an inner 

 and an outer subterminal line of transverse white marks irrorated 

 more or less with blackish scales. Hind wing : a subbasal broad 

 transverse macular white band, the anterior spots that compose it 

 more widely separated than the others, a postdiscal series of white 

 spots, irrorated with black scales, and a subterminal line of short 

 detached narrow transverse pale marks in the interspaces ; cilia on 

 fore and hind wings black alternated with white. Underside very 

 dark brown, shaded and blotched with black between the white 

 markings ; these latter as on the upperside, but all pure white, 

 much larger, much more clearly denned ; dorsal margin of hind 

 wing broadly pale blue. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen 

 black ; the thorax anteriorly obscurely glossed with blue ; the 

 abdomen with a series of lateral white spots on each side from 

 base ; body beneath white, glossed on thorax with pale blue ; eyes 

 hairy. 



Exp. S $ 64-80 mm. (2-52-3-12"). 



Hob. Sikhiin ; Bhutan ; hills of Assam, Burma and Tenasserim. 

 Eound also in Southern India, Kanara and the Nilgiris. 



The dry-season form has the ground-colour above dark brown in 

 both sexes and the markings broader and sullied white ; on the 

 underside the ground-colour is distinctly ochraceous brown. 



Larva. " In form the larva was exactly similar to that of 

 Liminitis (Modtiza) procris , . . . ; in colour it was green, with a 

 whitish band round the 9th segment. Its habits were also like 

 those of L. procris,but not quite the same. It selected one of the 

 side nerves of a leaf and ate away the soft parts on each side till 

 the bare nerve stood out ; then having barricaded the approach to 

 this with fragments of leaf which it had contrived to cut off in 

 feeding, mixed with excrement and silk, it rested motionless on the 

 very point of the rib unapproachable by ants or spiders. After 

 the last moult it gave up these habits and rested on the upper side 

 of a leaf, where it was conspicuous enough. We infer that the 

 worst enemies of this species are not birds or parasites but small 

 spiders and predaceo us insects." (Davidson Sf Aitken.) Food-plants, 

 Olea dioica and Linociera malabarica. 



Pupa. " Of the most brilliant silver-colour, the segments and 

 parts being outlined in brown. It is suspended perpendicularly ; 

 abdominal segments slender, the thoracic region larger and 

 expanded laterally ; two long sharp horns issuing from the sides 

 of the head and at first parallel, diverge and point laterally ; on 

 the back there are two prominent processes curved towards each 

 other, and many small points and tubercles." (Davidson § Aitken.) 



