VANESSA. 365 



a 2 . Upperside fore and hind wings with a 



subterminal series of pale yellow spots. 



a\ These spots small, round, traversing 



broad dusky terminal margin of hind 



wing V. c-album, p. 372. 



P. These spots transverse, bordering 

 broad dusky terminal margin of 



hind wing on inner side Var. eognata, p. 373. 



lr. Upperside fore and hind wings without a [p. 373. 



subterminal series of pale yellow spots. Race cujnicula, 

 V . Upperside hind wing : dorsal margin paler 



brown irrorated with golden scales .... V. egea, race inter- 

 posit a, p. 374. 



376. Vanessa cardui, Linn. (Papilio) Syst. Nat. ed. x, 1758, p. 475; 

 Moore (Pvrameis), Lep. Ceyl. i, 1881, p. 50, pi. 27, figs. 1,1a; 

 de N. (Pyrameis) Butt. Ind. ii, 1886, p. 227 ; Moore, Lep. Ind. 

 iv, 1899-1900, p. 105, pi. 320, figs. 2, 2 a, 2 b, <$ $ . 



3 2 - Upperside fore wing : interspace 1 and extreme base of 

 wing dusky black, irrorated with golden scales ; apical half of wing 

 and teraien dusky black ; discal and median area of wing ochraceous 

 orange, with the following black markings : an irregular oblique 

 band consisting of two detached spots 

 across middle of cell, a patch in base of 

 interspace 2 and a curved transverse bar 

 across interspace 1 ; on the black apical 

 area an obliquely placed series of three 

 quadrate white spots from costa, followed 

 by a curved transverse series of four 

 white spots, and on the broad dusky-black 

 terminal margin an obscure transverse 

 series of pale slender lunular marks.^- 

 Hind wing dusky brown, covered with 

 -pi„ 67. long silky brown hairs at base ; a large 



Vanessa cardui. spot beyond apex of cell ; a broad trans- 



verse discal irregular band and the 

 termen ochraceous orang-p ; the ochraceous discal band does not 

 extend to the costa and bears a round black spot in each of the 

 interspaces 2 to 6 ; on the termen there is an inner transverse 

 series of black lunules and an outer series of black spots at the 

 apices of the veins. Underside fore wing : cell and discal area 

 from vein 1 irregularly to vein 4 ochraceous orange, rest of wing 

 greyish brown ; base of cell red, apical portion white ; black 

 marking in and below cell much as on the upperside ; beyond the 

 cell the white markings on the apical area and on the termen as on 

 the upperside. Hind wing mottled with olive-brown and ochra- 

 ceous, the olive-brown markings with slender white margins ; a 

 postdiscal transverse series of ocelli in interspaces 2 to 6, those 

 in interspaces 3 and 4 with blue, the rest with black centres ; all 

 with inner rings of ochraceous and outer rings of black ; a series 

 of black subterminal lunules and terminal black spots as on the 



