vak&ssa. 367 



sporadically taken in. the plains, more common in the higher hills 

 at elevations above 4000 feet. This form extends to Southern 

 Europe and the Canaries, and eastwards to China, Japan and the 

 Malay Peninsula. 



378. Vanessa cashmirensis, Kollar, HugeVs Kaschmir, iv, pt. 2, 1844, 

 p. 442, pi. 11, figs. 3, 4 ; de N. Butt. hid. ii, 1886, p. 233 ; Moore 

 (Aglais),Zep. Ind.ir, 1899-1900, p. 87, pi. 316, figs. 3, 3 a, J $ . 



6 2 - Upperside fore wing : basal half of costa and the 

 termen pale brown, the former flecked with pale yellow, the latter 

 bordered inwardly by a narrow darker brown band bearing a 

 series of black lunules ; outwardly traversed by sinuous slender 

 subterminal and more slender terminal black lines : base of wing 

 and the greater part of interspace 1 a and of 1 posteriorly brown, 

 irrorated with golden scales, the rest of the wing anteriorly yellow, 

 posteriorly and at base of cell red, with the following black 

 markings : a broad band across the cell, another broader short 

 band beyond, touching the discocellulars, not extending below 

 vein 4, and a third not extending below vein 5, with a white patch 

 beyond before apex, all three short bands rounded posteriorly ; on 

 the disc there is a large oval black spot, followed by a yellow patch 

 in interspace 1, and above it smaller black spots in interspaces 2 

 and 3. Hind wing : basal half dusky brown, covered posteriorly with 

 long brown hairs ; anteriorly beyond the bases of veins 5, 6 and 

 7 black, followed by a broad red band anteriorly turning to yellow ; 

 a broad terminal brown band, traversed by a series of black- 

 bordered blue lunules, and beyond them by very slender inner and 

 outer black sinuous lines. Underside brown, with closely-set 

 transverse short black stride ; basal half of wings clouded with dark 

 purplish brown, the outer margin of the dark portion defined by a 

 highly sinuous jet-black transverse line, most distinct on the hind 

 wing, and also crossed, nearer the base of the wings, by two or 

 three similar, much interrupted lines ; terminal half of the wings 

 paler, with two dark irregular patches below costa of fore wing ; 

 finally a sinuous transverse subterminal narrow dark blue band 

 across both fore and hind wings, bordered on both sides by slender 

 black lines, widening into spots on the veins of the fore wing. 

 This band is more distinct in the $ than in the tf . Antennae 

 dark brown, minutely ringed with white ; head, thorax and 

 abdomen dark brown above and below. 



Exp. S 2 52-62 mm. (2-05-2-43"). 



Hob. The Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikhim at elevations of 

 2000 to 18,000 feet. 



The two forms next described are very closely allied to but 

 distinguishable from V. cashmirensis ; both occur at high elevations 

 in the Himalayas. 



