396 NYMPHALIDJl. 



1 a, 1 to near apex, basal half of 2, and extreme bases of 3 and 4 

 rich violescent blue, margined along the discocellulars and in 

 interspaces 2, 3 and 4 by black, spread diffusely outwards in 

 interspaces 1 a and 1. A very broad oblique discal orange band 

 from costa to apices of interspaces 1 and 2, thickly irrorated in 

 these latter with dusky violaceous black scales ; apical third of 

 wing velvety purpurescent black; a hyaline transverse spot near 

 middle of interspace 2, and a subtriangular similar small preapical 

 spot. Hind wing more uniform vioiescent blue ; the costal margin 

 and apex very broadly brown, somewhat densely irrorated with 

 dusky violescent black scales ; dorsal margin brown ; a ridge of long 

 brownish hairs along vein 1 spreading on to the dorsal margin. 

 Pore and hind wings crossed by a subterminal dusky zigzag line 

 commencing about the middle of interspace 3 in the fore wing, 

 and most conspicuous on the hind wing. Underside very closely 

 resembles a dry leaf ; ground-colour very variable, but usually some 

 shade of brown (rusty, greyish and yellowish browns beiug the 

 most common), always with scattered dark dots or little dark 

 patches having the appearance of fungus-like or lichenous growths 

 so common on dead leaves in the tropics. When the insect closes 

 its wings over its back the likeness to a dead leaf is most striking, 

 and is heightened by a straight transverse, narrow, dark band 

 running from the apex of the fore to the tornus of the hind wing, 

 often with oblique narrower similar bands or lines given off from 

 it, all simulating very closely the midrib and lateral veins of a leaf. 

 The hind wing in all specimens has a more or less obsolescent or 

 faint series of postdiscal ocelli, traces of which are also apparent 

 on the fore wing. Antennae dark brown ; head, thorax, and 

 abdomen dark violescent brown ; beneath, the palpi, thorax and 

 abdomen paler earthy brown. 



Wet-season form. — o 2 • Smaller than the dry-season form, but 

 very similar to it. The colours are richer and darker, and the 

 orange discal band more broadly bordered with black on the inner 

 side. On the underside some of the specimens from areas of 

 heavy rainfall have the ground-colour very dark ochraceous brown. 



Exp. <5 2 100-120 mm. (3'95-4'73"). 



Hab. The Himalayas, from Kashmir to Sikhim at low elevations 

 Orissa ; Eastern Ghats ; Pachmarhi ; the lower hills of Assam 

 Burma and Tenasserim. 



Mr. G. C. Dudgeon gives a detailed account of the transformation 

 of this form, from which the following descriptions of the caterpillar 

 in its last stage and of the pupa are extracted. 



Larva. " Velvety black, covered with rather long yellowish hair. 

 All the spines reddish." Of these last it is stated that there are 

 eleven on each segment, a dorsal, two subdorsal and three lateral 

 on each side. 



Papa. " Simple. Thorax slightly keeled ; abdomen with small 

 dorsal conical points. Colour pale brownish buff, variegated with 

 slaty irrorations." (G. C. Dudgeon teste Moore.) 



After a long and careful examination of large series of specimens, 



