418 etmphalid^. 



Hab. Along the foot of the Himalayas and up to 5000 ft. 

 from Mussooree to Sikhim ; the hills of Assam ; Burma ; Tenas- 

 serim ; the Nicobars ; extending to China and the Malayan 

 Subregion. 



Yar. nicobarica, Felder, generally but not always, has the inter- 

 space between the postdiscal and subterminal transverse series of 

 lunules on the upperside of the hind wing paler than the ground- 

 colour of the wings. 



Race andamanica, Moore. — S $ . Upperside ground-colour very 

 dark ochraceous brown, much darker than in erymanthis generally ; 

 markings on both upper and under sides similar, but on the upper- 

 side the spots on the discal band on the fore wing larger, especially 

 the lowest spot ; on the hind wing the upper three spots of the 

 discal series conspicuously larger ; on the underside the ground- 

 colour is darker and the markings more clearly defined than in 

 the typical form. 



Exp. s 2 $4-72 mm. (2-53-2-82"). 



Hab. The Andamans. 



Tenasserim specimens of 0. erymanthis are often as dark as any 

 specimen of the Andaman race. 



420. Cupha placida, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. i, 1881, p. 65, pi. 32, fig. 1 

 de N. Butt. Ind. ii, 1886, p. 23 ; Davidson 8f Aitken, Jour. Bomb 

 N. H. Soc. x, 1896, p. 247, pi. 3, figs. 3, 3 a, larva & pupa 

 Moore, Lep. Ind. iv, 1899-1900, p. 207, pi. 363, figs. 1, 1 a, <$ $ 

 Cupha erymanthis maja, Friihstorfer, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1898, p. 198; 

 Moore, Lep. Ind. iv, 1899-1900, p. 206, pi. 362, figs. 2, 2 a-2 e, 

 larva & pupa, <J $ . 



Closely resembles C. erymanthis, but there are differences in the 

 markings which are constant. I am doubtful, however, whether 

 C. placida should not be considered merely a race of that insect. — 

 6 2 - Upperside differs as follows : — Fore wing : discal band dis- 

 tinctly darker yellow, with its inner and outer margins much less 

 sinuous and irregular, the black line defining the inner margin 

 more slender ; the spots on the band in interspaces 1, 2 and 3 much 

 smaller, especially the spot in interspace 1, which is no larger than 

 the others and is diffuse and ill-defined ; the subapical yellow spots 

 on the black area entirely wanting or, if present, diffuse and 

 indistinct. On the hind wing the outer subbasal line with its outer 

 border of pale spots is generally more clearly defined than in 

 C. erymanthis. Both fore and hind wings are shaded at the base 

 with olivaceous brown. Underside: markings similar to those in 

 C. erymanthis but more heavily defined. 



Exp. S 2 58-72 mm. (2-3-2-82"). 



Hab. South India, Ceylon. 



The Southern Indian form has been separated as O. maja by 

 Friihstorfer, but the differences are very slight and not constant; 

 With regard to the shape of the wing, many Ceylon specimens have 

 the apex of the fore wing as acutely pointed and the termen of the 



