26 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull. 



edge. Personally I deprecate the present tendency to raise sub- 

 families to family rank, for I think them just as useful and much 

 more convenient as subfamilies, and after all, it is merely a matter 

 of terminology. 



The Fulgoridae as a whole is a tropical group, but thus far JJ 

 genera and 357 species have been recorded from America north of 

 Mexico. 



Key to Subfamilies. 



1. Anal area of the wings reticulated, sides of the clypeus carinate 



FULGORINAE, p. 26 



Anal area of the wings rarely reticulated, clypeus in this case 

 without lateral carinae 2 



2. Posterior tibiae armed with a movable spur Delphacinae, p. 45 



Posterior tibiae without a movable spur 3 



3. Clavus granulated; costa dilated, the costal membrane trans- 



versely venose Flatinae, p. 39 



Clavus rarely granulated, costa in this case not dilated 4 



4. Veins of the clavus not attaining the apex but united with the 



commissural margin before the apex 5 



Veins of the clavus either continued to the apex or united with 

 the claval suture before the apex 6 



5. Apex of the front without an ocellus ; elytra reticulated toward 



their apex Dictyophorinae, p. 27 



Apex of the front usually with a third ocellus ; elytra not reticu- 

 lated apically Cixiinae, p. 32 



6. Elytra ample, held vertical with the costal margin meeting below 



the abdomen, closely reticulated over the whole surface, the 

 costal and apical margins without transverse veins ; front con- 

 tinued over on to the superior aspect of the head without an 



apical transverse carina Acanalonhnae, p. 38 



Elytra when broad held more horizontal, not meeting below nor 

 closely reticulated over the whole surface ; the front usually dis- 

 tinguished from the vertex by a transverse carina at the apex 

 of the head 7 



7. Head broad, with the eyes nearly or quite as broad as the mesono- 



tum ; pronotum without carinae or with median carina only ... 8 

 Head usually much narrower than the mesonotum ; if as wide 

 the pronotum emarginate behind and tricarinate 9 



8. Pronotum truncated behind or at most with a shallow rounded 



sinus Issinae, p. 35 



Pronotum angularly emarginate behind [Ricaniinae] 



9. Elytra distinctly ampliated within and overlapping beyond the 



apex of the clavus ; Achilinae, p. 29 



Elytra not ampliated within nor overlapping at apex . 10 



10. Elytral membrane strongly differentiated from the corium with 



numerous simple longitudinal nervures [Tropiduchinae] 



Elytral venation simple, without a distinct closely vemed mem- 

 brane; pronotum very short, deeply angularly emarginate behind 



Derbinae, p. 39 



Subfamily Fulgorinae. 



So far as I know no representative of this subfamily has been 

 taken north of New Jersey and Ohio. 



