No. 34-] HEMIPTERA OF CONNECTICUT: MEMBRACIDAE. 177 



Southington, 4 Aug., 1905 (B. H. W.) ; Wallingford, 31 July 1912- 

 3, 9, 10 Aug., 1912 (D. J. C); Portland, 10 Aug., 1914 (M. P. Z.) ; 

 Stonmgton, 4 Aug., 1914 (I. W. D.) ; Litchfield, July to Sept. (L. B. W ) • 

 Branford, 28 July, 1920 (B. H. W.) ; New Canaan, 26 Aug., 1920 

 (B. H. W.); Norwalk, 8 Sept.,, 1920 (B. H. W.) ; Bridgeport, 20 Sept. 

 1920 (B. H. W.). 



C. taurina Fitch. (PL iv, 7.) 



1835. Membracis taurina Harris. Cat. Ins. Mass., 579 (MS. name). 



1856. Ceresa taurina Fitch. Rept. Ins. N. Y., iii. 335 (description). 



Very common. Usually associated with, and for many years 

 confused with the next species, C. bubalus, from which it is to be 

 distinguished by the very different shape of the metopidiurn, the 

 long, sharp, curving horns, and the longer apical ventral segment 

 of the female. 



The species has a wide range of hosts but is perhaps most often 

 taken on apple. 



The life history has been described in detail by Hodgkiss (Hodg- 

 kiss, H. E., New York Agr. Sta. Tech. Bull. 17, 1910) and by 

 Funkhouser (Membracidae of the Cayuga Basin, pp. 226-227. 

 1917). 



Hosts: Apple, pear, raspberry, hickory, potato, blackberry, 

 dahlia (cultivated), hazelnut, locust, witchhazel, white oak, red 

 oak, sweet clover, bittersweet, red clover, beech, morning glory, 

 thistle. 



Berlin, 16 Sept., 1915 ( W. E. B.) ; New Haven, 9 Oct., 1903 (W. E. B.) ; 

 17 July, 1908 (B. H. W.) ; Wallingford, 25 July, 1910, 24, 27, 29, 31 July, 

 7, 8, 14 Aug., 1912 (D. J. C.) ; 26 July, 1911 (J. K. L.) ; Litchfield, July 

 to Sept. (L. B. W.) ; Cornwall, 18 July, 1921 (B. H. W.). 



C. bubalus (Fabricius). Buffalo Tree Hopper. (PL iv, 8; egg 

 scars, pi. xix, 5.) 

 1794. Membracis bubalus Fabricius. Ent. Syst., iv, 14, No. 22. 

 1803. Centrotus bubalus Fabricus. Syst. Rhyng., 20, No. 18. 

 185 1. Ceresa bubalus Walker. List Horn. Brit. Mus., 531. 



The largest, most abundant, and best known species of the genus 

 in the United States. Nearly two hundred references to this 

 species have been recorded in literature (Cf. Memoir 11, Cornell 

 Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 219-224, June 1917) but a considerable 

 number of these references doubtless refer to C. taurina and 

 C. borealis, with which the species was often confused by early 

 entomologists. 



Ceresa bubalus may be recognized by its large size, heavy robust 

 body, uniform green color, broadly convex metopidiurn, and short 

 heavy suprahumeral horns which point directly outward. 



It has the widest range of hosts of any of the local membracids 

 and is found commonly on grasses and low shrubs. The eggs are 

 usually laid in September on two or three year old twigs of young 

 trees, particularly elm and apple, and hatch early in May. The 

 egg-slits are of a peculiar crescent shape and are placed close 

 together so that occasionally the twigs are badly scarred. The 



