COPEPODA 67 



South-east of Iceland: St. 133. 63°i4 E. N. n°24 E. W. 9/ 8 96 1-30 p.m. P. ioo~ofm. Temp, at surface 



io-8° C. 2 $, 2 yo* (V). 

 St. 58. 64°25 L. N. i2°09 L. W. 2 % 96 3p.n1. P. 100— of m. Temp, at surface 

 i-2° C. 7 ?, 2 y? (V), 2 y? (IV), 2 y 3 (V), 2 y a* (IV), 1 y (III). 

 North-east of Iceland: St. 105. 65°34 E. N. 7°20 E. W. "/ 7 6-30 p.m. 96. Closing net. 700 fm. 11?, 2yJMV). 



St. 104. 66°23 L. N - 7° 2 5 L- W. Il / 7 5'3oa. m. Closing net. 850 fm. 1 ?. 

 East of the Faeroes: 6o°05 E. N. i°i8 E. E. ^/a 11*45— 3*45 p. m. 96. Cyl. 46. 1yd 1 . 



West of the Faeroes: 6o°28 E. N. i2°io E W. the East-Greenland Exp. has 2 5/ 9 1900 F. 397 



taken 1 y c? (V). 

 The mentioned expedition has besides taken the species from the polar seas east of Greenland. 



74°28 E- N. i5°3o E W. I0 / 7 1900 Closing net 110—40 fm. 2 y ? (V), 2 y? (IV), 2 y<? (V), 2 y<? (IV). 



72°02 E. N. 2i°2oE. W. l6 / 7 1900 6 a.m. Closing net 35 — 10 fm. 1 ?, 1 y? (V), 1 y<j> (IV), 2 ycf (V), 



2 yd 1 (IV). 

 Distribution. The M. pygmceus G. O. S. was originally captured by Nans en (78 N. 13-6° E.) 

 in considerable numbers north of the New Siberian Islands in October 1893; by Bruce it was taken 

 at Novaya Zemlya I2 /e 1900 and by Schaudin at Spitsbergen 8i°32 E. N. The most important con- 

 tribution to its distribution in the polar seas and to its biology has been published by Damas and 

 Koefoed in the "Due. d'Orleans". It has been taken at almost all the stations in the polar seas be- 

 tween Spitsbergen and Greenland as far east as io°42 Eong. East and as far west as i8°22 Eong. West, 

 as far north as 8o°i7 Eat. North and as far south as 75°35 Eat. North between 26 /6 and l6 /s 1905. The 

 authors write (p. 396) "Microcalanus pygmceus possede une grande amplitude verticale : il s'observe en- 

 core en abondance entre r8oo et i - 2O0 metres (St. 17) et ne manque dans aucun des echantillons pro- 

 fondes. II remont frequemment a la surface. Nos peches prouvent que son niveau habituel est au 

 dessous de 100 metres". As all the information about each species, which is found under the gatherings 

 for each station, has not been collected for each species, I have tried to do it for Microcalanus pyg- 

 mcezts. Near the surface it has only been found: at St. 13 (o — 20 metres, T. 0-30° C, Salin. 33*30 °j ocr) 8 / 7 

 4-45 p. m.), at St. 30 (0—5 metres, T. 1-20° C, Sal. 31-32 %o 22 l 7 8 p. m.) and at St. 43 (o — 20 met. T. 0-98° 



'- 1-64° C. Sal. 32 % 78 3 P- m -)- As the salinity at which this species has been found lies between 



31-10 % and 35 %o the said authors may be right (p. 406) in referring it to the intermediary group of 

 species, which in the Norwegian Sea exceptionally are observed "a. la surface surtout pendant la nuit 

 et dans les endroits, ou la salinite est elevee" ; but their final statement, indicating a difference in the 

 vertical distribution in the different seas, about M. pygmaus (p. 407) "a) Dans la Bassin polaire : con- 

 state a de faibles profundeurs. b) Dans la Mer du Gronland: principalement vers 100 metres; existe 

 depuis la surface jusque a. 1850 metres, c) Dans la Mer de Norvege: sourtout abondant entre 200 et 

 600 metres", is neither born out by their own material (tab. II) nor by the information available in 

 the literature. The species has not yet been recorded from the Norwegian Sea. The temperature, at 

 which this species has been found even in great numbers (cc) at different depths, varies from -•- 1-75 

 to +2-i5°C; it has been found fairly common (-f) at 3-81° C, but its optimums temperature seems 

 to be a little below and a little above Zero. Adult males have been found at 11 stations in the Green- 

 land Sea between J 5/ 7 and J 5/ 8 , in vertical hauls from 60 to 20 and from 1000 to 800 metres and at 



