Prof. Graham on the Diffusion of Liquids. 



189 



of such solutions, the influence of the diminishing progression 

 being still small. The volume of water in the water-jar is 

 also relatively so large, that the experiment approaches to the 

 condition of diffusion into an Unlimited Atmosphere. 



2. Diffusion of various Salts and other Substances. 



With these notions regarding the influence of temperature 

 and proportion of salt on the amount of diffusion, an exami- 

 nation was next undertaken of the relative dififusibility of a 

 variety of salts and other substances. The results of this first 

 survey I shall state as shortly as possible, as I consider these, 

 as well as the experiments which preceded, as of a preliminary 

 character. The experiments were all made by means of the 

 diffusion phials already described, namely, the six-ounce 

 phials, and with similar manipulations. 



In the following experiments, the diffusion took place at a 

 temperature ranging from 62° to 59°, mean 60°*5, and was 

 continued for a period of eight days ; the proportion of salt in 

 solution to be diffused being always 20 salt to 100 water, or 

 1 to 5. I add as usual the density of the solutions. 



Table II. — Diffusion of solutions of 20 salt to 100 water, at 

 60°-5, for eight days. 



Name of salt. 



Density of 

 solution at 6U°. 



Anhydrous salt diffused. 











In grains. 



Means. 



Chloride of sodium ... 



1-1265 



58-5 





Chloride of sodium ... 



1-1265 



58-87 



58-68 



Sulphate of magnesia... 



1-185 



27*42 



27*42 



Nitrate of soda 



1-120 

 1-120 

 MG8 



52-1 

 51-02 



68-79 



51-56 



Nitrate of soda 



Sulphate of water 



Sulphate of water 



1-108 



69-86 



69-32 



Crystallized cane-sugar 



1-070 



26-74 



26-74 



Fused cane-sugar 



1-066 



26-21 



26-21 



Starch-sugar (glucose) 



1-061 



26-94 



26-94 



Treacle of cane-sugar 



1-069 



32-55 



32-55 



Gum-arabic 



1-060 

 1-053 



13-24 

 3-08 



13-24 

 3-08 



Albumen 





The following additional ratios of diffusion were obtained 

 from similar solutions at a somewhat lower temperature, 

 namely 48°; — chloride of sodium 100, hydrate of potash 

 151*93, ammonia (from a 10 percent, solution, saturated with 

 chloride of sodium to increase its density) 70, alcohol (satu- 

 rated with chloride of sodium) 75-74, chloride of calcium 

 71*23, acetate of lead 45*46. 



