Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles, 397 



the infiltrated carbonate of lime sometimes round fragments, and at 

 other times angular fragments of emery occur ; it is never met with 

 in veins, or with any appearance of stratification. 



After Gumuch-Dagh, Kulah is the most important locality of Asia 

 Minor. Kulah is a city about thirty leagues distant from Gumuch, 

 seven leagues from the ancient city of Philadelphia, and not far from 

 the river Hermes. Emery exists also in many other localities. After 

 having studied this mineral, and the rocks which accompany its va- 

 rious deposits, Mr. Smith is of opinion that the emery was formed 

 and consolidated in the calcareous rock in which it is found ; and 

 that it has not, like granite or gneiss, been detached from more 

 ancient rocks, and deposited in the calcareous rock when the forma- 

 tion of the latter occurred. — L Institut, Juillet 17, 1850. 



ON THE IDENTITY OF THE EQU1SETIC, ACONITIC AND CITRIDIC 

 ACIDS, AND ON SOME ACONITATES. 



M. Baup observes that doubts existed as to the identity of the 

 pyrogenous citridic and maleic acids ; in order to decide this question, 

 he extracted the acid from the Equisetum fluviatile, and from the 

 Aconitum napellus, and compared them with the pyrogenous citric 

 acid, called citridic acid, and with maleic acid. 



From the comparative examination which the author made of 

 their properties and several combinations, he has concluded with 

 certainty that the aconitic, equisetic and citridic acids, are one and 

 the same acid, and that they ought to be called exclusively aconitic 

 acid, whatever may be the source from which they are procured. 

 Maleic acid, although isomeric with it, is not however identical, and 

 ought to retain its name. 



In examining several aconitates, M. Baup has met with a fact 

 which merits the attention of chemists, as being the first example of 

 a compound of three atoms of an organic acid with one atom of base. 

 The ter-aconitate of potash and also of ammonia have but very few 

 representatives, even in inorganic chemistry : as an example, the 

 teriodate of potash of M. Serullas may be mentioned. 



During these researches on the Equisetum fluviatile, M. Baup dis- 

 covered in it a peculiar yellow crystalline matter, which imparted 

 to aluminated cotton a yellow tint not inferior to weld. He has 

 given it the name of flavequisitin. — Comptes Rendus, Sept. 9, 1850. 



ON THE PRODUCTION OF SUCCINIC ACID BY FERMENTATION. 



M. Dessaignes states, that when he gave a short account of the 

 conversion of rough malate of lime into succinate of lime by spon- 

 taneous fermentation, he proposed to add to this first observation 

 such facts as he might obtain from analogy. This research was con- 

 siderably advanced when M. Liebig published a memoir on the same 

 subject ; some facts, however, were observed by M. Dessaignes 

 which escaped the notice of M. Liebig. 



