P. B. Brodie on the Distribution of the Corals in the Lias. 237 
from the Silurian System, and in some degree as divisible into two 
or more members of one group :—three members, if the upper or 
Holoptychius-beds of Moray, Perth, and Fife, the middle or Fish- 
beds of Cromarty and Caithness, and the lowest or Forfarshire 
beds be counted separately ; but two, if we regard some of the Old 
Red beds north of the Grampians as equivalent in time to those on 
the south. 
January 9, 1861.—L. Horner, Esq., President, in the Chair. 
The following communications were read :— 
1. “On the Distribution of the Corals in the Lias.” By the Rev, 
P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S. 
From observations made by himself and others, the author was 
enabled to give the following notes. In the Upper Lias some Corals 
of the genera Thecocyathus and Trochocyathus occur. The Middle 
Lias of Northamptonshire and Somersetshire has yielded a few Corals. 
The uppermost band of the Lower Lias, namely the zone with Am- 
monites raricostatus and Hippopodium ponderosum, contains an unde- 
scribed Coral at Cheltenham and Honeybourn in Gloucestershire ; 
and a Montlivaltia in considerable abundance at Down Hatherly in 
Gloucestershire, at Fenny Compton and Aston Magna in Worcester- 
shire, and at Kilsby Tunnelin Northamptonshire. The middle mem- 
bers of the Lower Lias appear to be destitute of Corals. In the zone 
with Ammonites Bucklandi, called also the Lima-beds, Jsastrea occurs 
in Warwickshire and Somersetshire. Dr. Wright states that Isastrea 
Murchisoni occurs in the next lowest bed of the Lower Lias, namely 
- the White Lias with Ammonites Planorbis, at Street in Somerset ; 
and another Coral has been found in the same zone in Warwick- 
shire. Lastly, in the ‘‘ Guinea-bed” at Binton in Warwickshire 
another Coral has been met with. 
The Montlivaltie of the Hippopodium-bed and the Jsastrea of the 
Lima-beds appear to have grown over much larger areas in the 
Liassic Sea than the other Corals here referred to. 
2. ‘On the Sections of the Malvern and Ledbury Tunnels, on the 
Worcester and Hereford Railway, and the intervening Line of Rail- 
road.” Bythe Rev. W.S. Symonds, A.M., F.G.S., and A. Lambert, 
Esq. 
In this paper the authors gave an account of the different strata 
exposed by the cuttings of the Worcester and Hereford Railway 
(illustrated by a carefully constructed section), including the dif- 
ferent members of the New Red Sandstone (on the east of the Mal- 
vern Hills), the syenite and greenstone (forming the nucleus of the 
Malverns), and the Upper Llandovery beds, the Woolhope shales, 
the Woolhope limestone, Wenlock shales, Wenlock limestone, and 
Lower Ludlow rock on the west side of the syenite, followed by some 
beds of the Old Red series, violently faulted against the Ludlow rock 
at the west end of the Malvern Tunnel. ‘Then the open railway 
passes over Upper Ludlow rocks and some lower beds of the Old Red 
series, here and there covered by drift, until the Lower Ludlow rock 
is again traversed at the east end of the Ledbury Tunnel, and is 
