518 Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles. 
of the sun-spot periods with the periods of magnetic perturbation 
(Mag. and Meteorol. Obs., Toronto, 11. Ixvii.; St. Helena, 11. 
CXX1.—CXXXV1.). 
In 1860 Henshall showed the influence upon sun-spots which 
is produced by Mercury, Venus, and Jupiter, when in conjunction 
with the same face of the Sun (Cosmos, xvu. p. 578). 
In 1863 Chase showed (Proc. Amer. Phil. 08 ix. pp. 283-288 ; 
Phil. Mag. xxvii. pp. 55-59) that the mass of the Sun can be 
approximately estimated from the influence upon the barometer 
ot the constrained “relative motions” of the Earth and Sun. In 
1864 he showed, by the investigation which received the Magellanic 
medal (Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. xii. pp. 117-186; Proc. Amer. 
Phil. Soc. ix. pp. 425-430 ; Phil. Mag. xxx. pp. 52-57), that the 
magnetic disturbances of the Sun and Moon are many times 
greater than simple tidal disturbances, and that they can be very 
closely represented by the disturbances of gravitating pressure, 
under constrained and “ coercitive” relative motion. In 1869 he 
further showed (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. xi. pp. 103-107) that the 
constrained relative motion at Sun’s surface represents a cyclical 
gravitating and electric disturbance which acts with the velocity 
of light. 
i 1873 Maxwell (Electricity and Magnetism) published his 
theory that light consists of a disturbance in a medium susceptible 
of dielectric polarization. 
In 1884 Langley (Researches on Solar Heat) confirmed the 
identity of thermal, electric, and luminous radiation, for which 
Chase had suggested probable reasons in 1864 (Proc. Amer. Phil. 
Soc. ix. p. 408), and Draper in 1872 (Phil. Mag. xlvi. pp. 104-107). 
All of the foregoing investigations can be coordinated, in the 
oe of greatest known energy, by means of the kinetic unit 
SS -, in which p represents an infinitesimal particle, and v, is the 
velocity of light, the electric ratio, the projectile velocity which 
represents thermo-dynamic energy at Sun’s surface, and the 
projectile velocity which represents the maximum energy both of 
constrained rotation and of free revolution in the solar system. 
The greatest constant energy of free revolution, which can be 
2 
iven to uw by solar attraction, is PP v, being the velocity of 
g He by 5) g aif 
circular orbital revolution at the Kantian radius r , where solar 
rotation and orbital revolution are synchronous. The same energy 
would give synchronous radial or elliptic revolution through or 
about a major axis 2r,, under gravitating acceleration varying 
inversely as 7°. 
The energy which would be required to produce synchronous 
radial oscillation, under the constant gravitating acceleration g,, 
perv ne 
2 
would be z? times as great, or 
The energy which would be required to produce constant radial 
oscillation in the region of maximum solar gravitation and coercitive 
