illegitimate names is to prevent their application to new and different 

 plants. Some of these names could be made legitimate if adequate 

 descriptions could be found and published or if originators of these 

 names or cultivars communicated with the International Registrar for 

 the genus Ilex. 



Author citations to cultivar names are uncommon in the literature and are 

 not addressed by any edition of the "Cultivated Code." This checklist 

 includes such citations when duplicate names (homonyms) are synonyms 

 representing different plants, e.g., see BUXIFOLIA entries in this 

 checklist. The style of author citations used here is to precede the name of 

 the author or other source with the word "of." This citation may be a 

 personal name or an organization or business, such as a nursery. 



Many names originally published at botanical rank have been reduced to 

 cultivar rank, e.g., /. nummularia Franchet & Savatier = NUMMULARIA, 

 and /. crenata var. luteo-variegata Regel = LUTEO-VARIEGATA. Some 

 of these changes originated from the taxonomic and nomenclatural 

 judgment of the authors of this checklist and some from other cited 

 sources. 



Several cultivars, e.g., LATIFOLIA, MICROPHYLLA, and 

 ROTUNDIFOLIA are of major commercial importance, but their names 

 are not legitimate, since conflicts and inadequacies are found in their 

 descriptions and synonymy. Cultivar names cannot be legitimized without 

 accurate reference to original or authentic plants. There are cases when the 

 original and type plant (clonotype) or authentic plants propagated from the 

 clonotype could not be determined. Occasionally it is questionable whether 

 there really ever was a single original or authentic plant. In such cases the 

 lack of published data prevents these names from becoming legitimate. In 

 this checklist the legitimacy of each name was determined on a case-by- 

 case basis. There are hundreds of commercially available clones (cultivars) 

 that are sold under illegitimate names. 



The use of group names is not new in Ilex. Loudon (1838) used group 

 names for yellow- and white-blotched variegated leaf "forms" of 

 /. aquifolium, which he called subvarieties. Group names were also used in 

 the /. opaca cultivar checklist. Most group names used for Ilex crenata are 

 published here for the first time. They are always distinguished by the word 

 "Group" and are enclosed in parentheses to keep them clearly distinct from 

 cultivar names, e.g., (Watanabeana Group). While having no taxonomic 

 status, group names are convenient for grouping some cultivars. Group 

 names used in this checklist are not to be confused with cultivar classes. 

 The International Registration Authority and Registrar for cultivated Ilex 

 does not recognize any cultivar classes. 



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