"Hort." or "Hortur." was applied as an author citation to mean "of garden 

 origin" or "of gardeners," e.g., I.fortunei Hort. In these cases, the 

 meanings were clear regardless of the rank indicated or the lack of a rank. 

 The names of plants we now recognize as cultivars were sometimes 

 originally published as f. (botanical forma) or as trinomials without any 

 rank indicated. Often cultivated varieties were designated as "var.," which 

 is the identical abbreviation to botanical varietas, implying that cultivated 

 varieties have the same nomenclatural significance and weight as 

 botanical varieties. Botanical varieties (vars.) and cultivated varieties (now 

 cultivars or cvs.) are entirely different in concept and origin and cannot be 

 used interchangeably. 



A botanical variety is an infraspecific botanical entity or category referring 

 to a population of individuals occurring in the wild with certain characters 

 differing in a minor way from other plants of their species. A horticultural 

 or cultivated variety (cultivar) refers strictly to a plant (in the case of Ilex, 

 a single, named clone in cultivation) that has generally originated in 

 cultivation. Names of plants that were prior to 1953 and were clearly 

 considered to be cultivated varieties by their authors are now recognized 

 as cultivar names. For these names, sometimes botanical ranks were 

 clearly cited in references. When necessary to clarify and justify rank 

 changes, the ranks are cited and the reasons for their change are given in 

 detail. 



10 



