Foreword 



A primary objective of scientific research studies at the U.S. National 

 Arboretum is to clarify the origins, descriptions, and often confusing 

 classification and nomenclature of cultivated plants. There is also an 

 obligation to publish and disseminate the information obtained from such 

 studies. 



The hollies (Ilex) comprise one of the most popular and distinctive groups 

 of woody plants that are highly significant commercially and cultivated in 

 large areas of the United States. In cooperation with the Holly Society of 

 America, Inc., Arboretum staff members have been assembling data and 

 compiling the authoritative "International Checklist of Cultivated Ilex" 

 since 1964. The first compilation, "Part \,Ilex opaca" by Eisenbeiss and 

 Dudley was published in 1973 as U.S. National Arboretum Contribution 

 No. 3. Part 2, on Ilex crenata, represents the second installment of a 

 projected complete survey of this large genus. 



The "Alphabetical List of Documented Epithets of Cultivated Ilex 

 crenata" following the comprehensive introduction, contains 436 entries 

 whose legitimacy and validity have been determined and documented. 

 The 170 valid and legitimate cultivar names are provided with full 

 documentation, including their bibliographic citations, essential additional 

 references, data on origins and introductions, detailed descriptions (when 

 available), and cross-referenced synonymy. Precise reasons are given for 

 the 548 names that are illegitimate or invalid. Controversial names are 

 discussed in depth, particularly those in Latin format with botanical ranks 

 of forma (f.) or varietas (var.), which originated prior to 1959 and the 

 publication of the first "International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated 

 Plants — 1953." That code mandated, for the first time, the universal usage 

 of the word "cultivar" for garden-origin selections, clones, and "cultivated 



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