Geographic Notes 



33 



within a few months, unsuccessful. In 

 self-defense the Russian Government 

 has therefore published figures showing 

 the number of persons entering and leav- 

 ing Siberia during the first nine months 

 of 1 901. 



During this period 77,774 immigrants 

 entered Siberia, and of these 25 per cent, 

 or 19,728, returned within a short time. 

 The reason of such a large proportion as 

 one- fourth returning is explained as fol- 

 lows : During the past two years the 

 crops have failed each season. Of the 

 19,000 who returned between January 1 

 and September 20, 1901, 16,000 had 

 come from the grain provinces of Russia. 

 Secondly, the steppe lands of Siberia 

 along the railway are almost entirely 

 taken up and only the forest lands re- 

 main. But the majority of the immi- 

 grants are from the steppe lands of Rus- 

 sia and, being unused to clearing forest 

 lands, soon became discouraged and re- 

 turned. 



The Russian Ice-breakingf Steamer 

 Yermak, under command of her de- 

 signer, Vice- Admiral Makarof, has re- 

 turned in safety to Cronstadt, after a 

 cruise of three or four months in the 

 Arctic seas. In a review of the sum- 

 mer's work of the steamer, the Cronstadt 

 Messenger says that she completed an 

 accurate survey of the western coast of 

 Nova Zembla from Sukhoi Nos to the 

 Admiralty Peninsula, and made five voy- 

 ages back and forth between Nova 

 Zembla and Franz Josef Land. 



The scientists who accompanied Ad- 

 miral Makarof made interesting and 

 important soundings and observations 

 in all that part of the Arctic Ocean, and 

 brought back 525 jars of zoological spec- 

 imens obtained by means of the dredge 

 and the sounding line, as well as large 

 collections of flowers, minerals, and 

 diatoms from the Arctic lands visited 

 and explored. In the heavy ice north- 

 west of Nova Zembla and off the coast 

 of Franz Josef Land the Yermak made 

 her way without difficulty. 



The Foreign Population of the United 

 States. — The Census Office has just pub- 

 lished the number which each country 

 of the world has contributed to our for- 

 eign-born population. The five nations 

 having the largest representation are the 

 same as in 1890, though the first three, 

 Germany, Ireland, and England, show 

 a large falling off. Italy is now in the 

 sixth place, succeeding Scotland, which 

 was sixth ten years ago. The following 

 table shows the representation of each 

 country : 



Country of birth. 



Total foreign born... 



Germany 



Ireland 



England 



Canada (English) 



Sweden 



Italy 



Russia 



Canada (French) 



Poland 



Norway 



Austria 



Scotland 



Bohemia 



Denmark 



Hungary 



Switzerland 



Holland .".. 



France 



Mexico 



Wales 



China 



Finland 



Portugal 



Belgium 



Japan 



Roumania 



West Indies, except 



Cuba and Porto Rico. 



Asia, N. S 



Cuba 



Turkey 



Atlantic islands 



Greece 



Born at sea 



Spain 



Australia 



South America 



Central America 



Luxemburg 



Africa 



Europe, N. S 



India 



Pacific islands, except 



Philippine Islands... 



Great Britain, N. S 



Sandwich Islands (/?)... 

 Other countries 



1900, 

 Exclusive 

 of Alaska 



and 

 Hawaii. 



10,356,664 



2,666,990 

 1,618.567 

 841,967 

 7S5.95S 

 S73.040 

 484.207 

 424,096 

 395,297 

 383.5'o 



336.985 

 276,249 



233.977 

 156,991 

 154.284 

 145,802 

 115.851 

 105,049 

 104 341 

 103,410 

 93.6S2 

 81,827 

 62.811 

 30,618 

 29,804 

 25.077 

 15.041 



14,433 

 11.908 



11,153 

 9.933 

 9.784 

 8,564 

 8,229 

 7.072 

 6.S51 

 4,761 

 3.901 

 3.041 

 2.552 

 2,263 

 2,050 



2,049 

 in 



2,558 



9,249.547 



2,784,894 

 1,871.509 

 908.141 

 678,442 

 478,041 

 182,580 

 182,644 

 302,496 

 147.440 

 322,665 

 123,271 

 242,231 

 iiS,io6 

 132,543 



62,435 

 104,069 



81,828 

 "3.174 



77.853 

 100.079 

 106, 6S8 



15.996 

 22,639 

 2,292 



(a) 

 2.260 



(a) 

 1.839 

 9.739 

 1.887 

 5-533 

 6,185 

 5.984 

 5.006 

 1,192 

 2,882 

 2,207 



'2,579 

 2,143 



2,065 

 95" 



1,304 

 479 



Increase. 



1,107,117 



117.904* 

 252,042* 

 66,174* 

 107,516 



94.999 

 301,627 

 241,452 



92,801 

 236,070 



14.320 

 152,978 

 8.254* 



3S.S85 



21,741 



83.367 

 11,782 

 23.221 



8,833* 

 25.557 



6,397* 

 24,861* 



14,622 



7.165 



22,785 



9,648 



8,094 



* - 45 

 6677 



2,696 

 88' 

 S67 

 245* 



2,709 



159 



345 



10,316 



93* 

 16* 



2,079 



(a) Total for West Indies and Cuba in 1S90, 23,256. 



(b) Native born, iq 1890. 

 * Decrease. 



