216 The National Geographic Magazine 



each pendant being formed of five gold 

 cylinders joined together, cylinders 

 sometimes two inches long and an inch 

 at least in circumference ; a necklace of 

 one or many rows of large, hollow gold 

 beads, called collier-choux. 



But few are thus richty attired ; the 

 greater number of the women, carrying 

 burdens on their heads, peddling vege- 

 tables, cakes, fruit, ready-cooked food, 

 from door to door, are very simply 

 dressed in a single plain robe of vivid 

 colors (douillette), reaching from neck 

 to feet, and made with a train, but gen- 

 erally girded well up so as to sit close to 

 the figure and leave the lower limbs 



partly bare and perfectly free. These 

 women can walk all day long up and 

 down hill in the hot sun, without shoes, 

 carding loads of from one hundred to 

 one hundred and fifty pounds on their 

 heads, and if their little stock sometimes 

 fails to come up to the accustomed 

 weight, stones are added to make it 

 heavy enough. With the women the 

 load is very seldom steadied with the 

 hand . The head remains almost motion- 

 less, but the black, quick, piercing eyes 

 flash into every window and doorway to 

 watch for a customer's signal. These 

 women also carry the produce across 

 mountain from plantation to seaport. 



GEOGRAPHIC NOTES 



THE CARIBS 



WHEN Columbus landed at Haiti 

 on his first voyage he heard 

 much of the war-like people to the 

 south who ravaged the more peaceful 

 natives of Haiti and the northern isl- 

 ands. But it was not until the end of 

 1493, on his second voyage of discov- 

 ery, that he landed at Guadeloupe, the 

 stronghold of the Caribs, and first be- 

 held this cannibal race. Washington 

 Irving, in his "Life and Voyages of 

 Christopher Columbus," describes the 

 horror of the Spaniards whenthe}^ found 

 human limbs suspended from the beams 

 of the houses as if curing for provisions. 

 "The head of a young man, recently 

 killed, was yet bleeding. Some parts 

 of his body were roasting before the 

 fire ; others boiling with the flesh of 

 geese and parrots. ' ' 



The whole archipelago, extending 

 from Porto Rico to Tobago, was under 

 the sway of the Caribs. They were a 

 warlike and unyielding race, quite dif- 

 ferent from the feeble nations around 

 them. Of the thousands of these fierce 



people who dominated the Caribbees 

 four centuries ago, only a few hundred 

 descendants remain. In the northern 

 part of St. Vincent a few Caribs are still 

 left, and in Dominica are a few others. 

 The Caribs were also found in Guiana 

 and along the Lower Orinoco. Spain 

 condemned them to slaver y, but they 

 were not much molested by her because 

 of their fierce character. In later years 

 the English and French fought long and 

 bloody wars with them. St. Vincent 

 became their last stronghold. In 1796 

 England transported 5,000 Caribs from 

 St. Vincent to the island of Ruaton, 

 whence man}^ of them passed to Hon- 

 duras and Nicaragua. 



THE RUSSIAN TIBET EXPEDITION 



IN the spring of 1 899 the Russian Geo- 

 graphical Society sent an expedi- 

 tion to central Asia and Tibet under 

 command of Captain P. K. Kozloff. 

 The Czar had granted the money for 

 the purpose. Captain Kozloff set out 

 with a party of 38, including several 

 scientists. During the years 1899, 1900, 



