Mountains on Unimak Island, Alaska 95 



height. Its sides are extremely rugged 

 and apparently somewhat concave near 

 the summit, as if the mountain had been 

 hollow and the accumulation of ice and 

 snow about it had crushed its sides in- 

 ward. In broaching this theory to Mr 

 Applegate, he informed me that an old 

 native, recently dead, claimed to have 

 seen this mountain crumble. I can 

 scarcely believe that such a catastrophe, 

 if it has taken place at all, happened at 

 so recent a date without attracting the 

 attention of some of the Russian traders 

 living among the natives. The fact that 

 the mountain is still so rugged, that the 

 chasms created by the supposed caving 

 in are not yet filled by the annual ac- 

 cumulations of snow, as on both of its 

 neighbors, would seem to favor a com- 

 paratively recent date.* 



Five miles northeastward from Iso- 

 notski is probably also an extinct vol- 

 cano. It is apparently the highest of a 

 group of peaks on the northeast end of 

 Unimak Island, and has a rounded broad 

 summit of snow and ice, through which 

 only here and there is seen a projecting 

 dark mass of rock even in midsummer. 



POGROMNI VOLCANO 



Pogromni volcano is the highest peak 

 in the mass of mountains forming the 

 western end of Unimak Island. It does 

 not seem to rise from the main ridge, 

 however, but from the eastern slope of 

 it. A short distance to the eastward of 

 it is seen a much lower peak, almost its 



* Less than 200 miles from Shishaldin are two 

 volcanoes, known as Old and New Bogoslof. 

 The first was born a little more than a century 

 ago, rising from the depths of the ocean ; the 

 second rose from the deep probably not more 

 than 30 years ago. Old Bogoslof was reported 

 in 1832 to have had a height of 1,500 feet, but 

 is now only half that height. Both volcanoes 

 are constantly disintegrating and wearing 

 away. For the remarkable history of the two 

 Bogoslofs, see the article on " Bogoslof, Our 

 Newest Volcano," by Dr C. Hart Merriam in 

 "Alaska," the report of the Harriman Alaska 

 Expedition, vol. 11, pp. 291-336 ; New York, 

 Doubleday, Page & Co., 1901. 



exact counterpart in appearance, but 

 much smaller in dimensions. Pogromni 

 is a regular cone in outline, but its sides 

 seem more angular and rugged than 

 Shishaldin and its rocky ribs and pro- 

 jections more numerous and bare. We 

 saw no smoke issuing from it at any 

 time this season, but we have not seen 

 much of the mountain, except while 

 making this reconnaissance. I have a 

 faint recollection of having seen smoke 

 issuing from it in August, 1866. 



Paris * and Westdahl * are two snow- 

 covered peaks, apparently rising from 

 the main ridge of this part of the island 

 to the southward of Pogromni. 



THE SOUTH SHORE OE UNIMAK 



The region to the northward of Cape 

 Lazaref consists of isolated mountainous 

 elevations, knit together by low level 

 land, composed largely of sand. The 

 northern slopes, however, were not seen 

 from the ship. That this low land ex- 

 tends back of the mountains forming 

 Cape Lazaref is inferred from what was 

 seen by the officer who occupied sev- 

 eral triangulation stations on the coast. 

 These low lands, like those of the Ika- 

 tan Peninsula, are probably covered 

 with lakes, as many small streams issue 

 through their sandy margins into the 

 sea. Cape Lazaref, or the rocky mass 

 so named on the chart, consists of three 

 high points, which, for convenience, 

 might be designated as east, middle, 

 and west Cape Lazaref. The east cape 

 is highest and broadest toward the sea, 

 the middle next in height, but not pro- 

 jecting so prominently, and the west 

 cape the lowest and sharpest. The east 

 cape has a few rocks close under its 

 extreme point, one of which is about 30 

 feet high and shows prominently from 

 the anchorage in Otter Cove. There 



* Named by the Superintendent of the Coast 

 and Geodetic Survey, Mr O. H. Tittmann, after 

 the officers who first determined their geo- 

 graphical position. 



