2 12 



The National Geographic Magazine 



geon, and Lieutenant Shackleton trav- 

 eled ninety-four miles to the south, 

 reaching land in latitude 8o° 18' south, 

 longitude 163° west, and establishing a 

 world's record for the farthest point 

 south. The journey was accomplished 

 in most trying conditions. The dogs 

 all died, and the three men had to drag 

 the sledges back to the ship. Lieuten- 

 ant Shackleton almost died from ex- 

 posure, but is now quite recovered. 

 The party found that ranges of high 

 mountains continued through Victoria 

 Land. At the meridian of 160 foot- 

 hills much resembling the Admiralty 

 Range were discovered. 



The ice barrier is presumably afloat. 

 It continues horizontal and is slowly 

 fed from the land ice. Mountains, ten 

 or twelve thousand feet high, were seen 

 in latitude 82 south, the coast line con- 

 tinuing at least as far as 83 20' nearly 

 due south. A party ascending a glacier 

 on the mainland found a new range of 

 mountains. At a height of 9,000 feet 

 a level plain was reached, unbroken to 

 the west as far as the horizon. 



The scientific work of the expedition 

 includes a rich collection of marine 

 fauna, of which a large proportion are 

 new species. Sea and magnetic obser- 

 vations were taken, as well as seismo- 

 graphic records and pendulum observa- 

 tions.* A large collection of skins and 

 skeletons of southern seals and sea birds 

 has been made. A number of excel- 

 lent photographs have been taken and 

 careful meteorological observations were 

 secured. Extensive quartz and grit ac- 

 cumulations were found horizontally 

 bedded in volcanic rocks. Lava flows 

 were found in the frequently recurring 

 plutonic rock which forms the basement 

 of the mountains. 



*It will be interesting to note whether the 

 disturbances of Mont Pelee and La Souffriere, 

 and in Guatemala and Mexico during the past 

 twelve months have been recorded by Captain 

 Scott's instruments or by any of the South 

 Polar expeditions. 



Before the arrival of the Morning the 

 Discovery had experienced some priva- 

 tion, owing to part of the supplies hav- 

 ing gone bad. This accounted for the 

 death of all the dogs. She has, how- 

 ever, revictualled from the Morning,. 

 and the explorers are now in a position, 

 to spend a comfortable winter. 



RECORDS OF FARTHEST SOUTH 



The following table, compiled by Mr 

 Cyrus C. Adams, gives the records of 

 the most important Antarctic explorers- 

 arranged in the order of the most south- 

 erly points attained ; it gives the names- 

 of the explorers, the year in which they 

 reached their most southerly latitude,, 

 the latitude and longitude they attained,, 

 the method of reaching it, whether by 

 sledge or ship, and the name of the ves- 

 sel or vessels in their expeditions : 



s. lat. 



8o° 17' 



78 50 



78 10 



74 15 



71 36 



71 3° 



71 10 



(~9 53 



69 40 



69 21 



69 10 



69 00 



68 10 



67 5 



67 51 



67 31 



Long, 

 from Gr. 



163 00' W. 



165 00 W. 



161 27 W. 



34 17 W. 



87 39 W. 



15 00 W. 



106 54 w. 



92 19 w. 



12 00 E. 



2 15 W. 



79 00 w. 



172 II E. 



60 00 W. 



147 3° E. 



39 40 W. 



142 54 W. 



Captain Scott, 1902, sledge, steam- 

 er Discovery. 



Borchgrevink, 1900, sledge.steam- 

 er Southern Cross. 



Captain James Ross, 1S42. ship,- 

 sailing vessels £re^«and Ter- 

 ror. 



Captain Weddell, 1823. ship, sail- 

 ing vesselsyaw<?aud Beau/oy. 



Lieutenant De Gerlache, 1899, 

 ship, steamer Belgica. - 



Captain James Ross, 1S43, ship,, 

 sailing vessels Erebus and Ter- 

 ror. 



Captain Cook, 1774, ship, sailing 

 vessels Resolution and Adven- 

 ture. 



Captain Bellingshausen, 1S21, 

 ship, sailing vessels Vostok and". 

 Mir ny. 



Captain Kiscoe, 1S31, ship, sailing 

 vessels Tula and Liveley. 



Captain Bellingshausen, 1820,- 

 ship, sailing vessels Vostok and. 

 Mirny. 



Captain Evensen, 1894, ship, sail- 

 ing vessel Hertha. 



Captain Balleuy, 1S39, ship, sail- 

 ing vessels Eliza Scott and Sa- 

 brina . 



Captain Larsen, 1S93, ship, sail- 

 ing vessel Jason. 



Lieutenant Wilkes, 1S40, ship,. 

 sailing vessel Vincennes. 



Captain Moore, 1S45, ship, sailing 

 vessel Pagoda. 



Captain Cook, 1773, ship, sailing: 

 vessels Resolution and Adven- 

 ture. 



