The United States: Her Industries 303 



the manufacturing material for the 

 maker of cloth, and the cloth becomes 

 the material used by the manufacturer 

 of clothing,- the value of the yarn be- 

 ing thus reported three times, and that 

 of the cloth twice, in the final statement 

 of the grand total of manufactures pro- 

 duced. But as this custom has been 

 followed in each census it does not ma- 

 terially affect the value of the figures 

 for comparative purposes in showing 

 the growth of the manufacturing indus- 

 try. On the other hand, the 

 fact that values of manufactures 

 have greatly fallen since the 

 earlier dates considered indi- 

 cates that the actual increase 

 in quantity produced is even 

 greater than that indicated by 

 the figures, which necessarily 

 deal with values only. 



With this basis of necessary 

 statistical data I shall try to 

 present the remaining facts and 

 analyses in a manner in which 

 the growth may be measured 

 with the eye as well as the 

 ear, and conclusions thus more 

 readily reached as to the growth 

 and cause of this growth, in 

 which we all feel such a just 

 pride. 



No. 1.— VALUE OF MANUFAC- 

 TURES OF THE UNITED 

 STATES, 1S10 TO iqoo 



196 



in an inflated currency also probably ac- 

 counts in some degree for the high figure 

 of that year, and also for the fact that 

 the apparent increase in the next decade 

 was small. The second great increase, 

 from 1880 to 1890, was due to the open- 

 ing of the interior by railways, by 

 which the natural products were easily 

 assembled for manufacture, the great 

 reduction in cost of transportation, the 

 enormous investments of capital in man- 

 ufacturing, and the application of labor- 



VALUE OF MANUFACTURES IN U.S. 1810™ 1900 



1810 



The length of the lines here 

 presented indicates the relative 

 value of the manufactures of the 

 United States in 1810 and in 

 each census year, beginning with 

 1840. It will be observed that 

 the first great increase was in the decade 

 1860-1870; the second, from 1880 to 

 1890. It is well known that the civil 

 war conditions, the exceptional home de- 

 mand, and the difficulties of importation 

 greatly stimulated manufacturing dur- 

 ing the period 1860-1870, and the fact 

 that the production of 1870 was stated 



IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 



1301 f 



9372 



5369 



4-232 



1885 



184-0 



'50 '60 70 '80 



INCREASE 1850-1900 

 INCREASE IN POPULATION 



DIAGRAM NO. I 



'90 1900 



1 176 7. 

 2307 



saving machinery to much which was 

 formerly performed by hand. In the 

 decade from 1890 to 1900 came the enor- 

 mous expansion in our exports of man- 

 ufactures, from 151 millions in 1890 to 

 433 millions in 1900, and the organiza- 

 tion of great industrial combinations 

 by which cost of manufacturing and 



