The United States: Her Industries 307 



their manufacturing. This suggests 

 the importance of the manufacturing 

 industry to. the farmer, to say nothing of 

 the market furnished him by nearly 6 

 million people finding employment in 

 the factories and workshops of the 

 country. 



No. 7.— VALUE OF MANUFACTURES 

 EXPORTED, 1800 TO 1902 



I want now to speak briefly of the 

 effect of this increase in manufactures 

 upon our foreign trade. Much has 

 been said in recent years about the in- 

 crease of our exports of manufactures, 

 and quite justly, for the growth, es- 

 pecially in the past decade, has been 

 very great. The growth of the entire 

 century, taken as a whole, has been re- 

 markable, but especially so in the past 

 decade, as will be seen from this dia- 

 gram, which shows that the exportation 

 of manufactures in 1800 was about two 

 and one-half million dollars; in 1840, 

 11 millions; in i860, 40 millions; in 

 1880, 102 millions, and in 1890, 151 

 millions, but that in the short period 

 from 1890 to 1902, only 12 years, the 

 increase was nearly double that of the 

 90 years from 1800 to 1890, making the 

 total exports of manufactures in 1902 

 403 million dollars. 



No. 8 —PER CENT WHICH MANUFACT- 

 URES FORMED OF IMPORTS AND EX- 

 PORTS, 1820 TO 1902 



It is not so much, however, in the 

 power to supply foreign markets in 

 which our manufacturers have made 

 their great record as in their complete 

 control of the home market among 

 80 million prosperous people. They 

 have so fully supplied that market that 

 they have steadily reduced the share 

 which manufactures form of the im- 

 ports, while they were also increasing 

 the share which manufactures formed 

 of the exports. This diagram shows 

 the percentage which manufactures 

 have formed of the imports and ex- 



ports since 1820. The share which 

 they formed of the imports has steadily 

 decreased, from 44.9 per cent in 1820 

 to 16.6 per cent in 1902, and the share 

 which they form of the exports has 

 steadily increased from i J /i per cent in 

 1820 to 30.8 per cent in 1902. 



No. 9.— DISTRIBUTION OF MANUFACT- 

 URES EXPORTED 



Before leaving this subject, you will 

 perhaps be interested to know whatl be- 

 comes of the manufactures which are 



PER CENT WHICH MANUFACTURES FORMED OF 

 IMPORTS N EXPORTS. I8Z0-IS0Z. 



IMPORTS. 



EXPORTS. 



30B 



17.8 



1820 '50 70 90 1302 1220 '50 70 '90 '95 1902 



DIAGRAM NO. 8 



exported from the United States. This 

 diagram shows the distribution of man- 

 ufactures by grand divisions. You will 

 see that fully one-half of the manu- 

 factures exported goes to Europe, the 

 greatest manufacturing center of the 

 world. Of the 410 million dollars' 

 worth of manufactures exported in 

 1901, 215 millions value went to Eu- 

 rope, 96 millions to North America 

 other than the United States, 33 mil- 



