3io 



The National Geographic Magazine 



formed of the total manufactures ex- 

 ported in each year from 1870 to igoi. 

 The growth in the exportation of iron 

 and steel manufactures has been phe- 

 nomenally rapid, the total value of iron 

 and steel exported being less than two 

 million dollars in 1850, 9 millions in 

 1875, and 122 millions in 1900. For the 

 fiscal year 1902 the total was 98^2 mil- 

 lions, the reduction compared with 1900 

 being due, as already indicated, to the 

 unusual home demand for iron and steel 



GROWTH OF EXP0RT5 OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTS 

 AND SHARE WHICH MANUFACTURES FORMED OF THAT 

 TOTAL, 1870 TO 1901. 



(in millions of dollars)' 



14-60 



I 



82* 



I 



8*5 



1 I 793 

 727 ■ | 



*99 



■ 



1870 75 '80 '85 '90 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 1900 1901 

 PERCENTAGE \ 

 WHICH MANUFAC-f 



TURES F0RMED> 15 l&.fc 125 20.2 179 23.1 26 5 269 2*0 28.7 31 6 28.2 

 OF TOTAL 

 OPORTO ) 



DIAGRAM NO. 12 



manufactures for use in domestic indus- 

 tries, this demand being so great that 

 the importations of iron and steel in 

 1903 exceed by far those of any year in 

 the last decade. 



No. 14.— EXPORTS OF MANUFACTURES 

 OF IRON AND STEEL FROM 1870 TO 

 1 901 



This illustration shows the growth in 

 exports of iron and steel manufactures 



during the period from 1870 to 1901, 

 and illustrates the statements already 

 made regarding the very rapid growth 

 in this class of our manufactures. The 

 United States has in recent years be- 

 come the world's largest producer of 

 iron ore and pig iron, her total produc- 

 tion of pig iron in 1902 exceeding that 

 of the United Kingdom, Germany, and 

 Belgium. 



No. 15.— PROGRESS IN THE PRINCIPAL 

 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES FROM 

 1870 TO 1 901 



This diagram is intended to illustrate 

 the growth in the production of the 

 great articles which enter into manu- 

 factures, such as pig iron, cotton,' and 

 coal. The growth of coal production 

 was from 32 million tons in 1870 to 

 261 millions in 1901; of pig iron, from 

 1,665,000 tons in 1870 to 15,879,000 

 tons in 1901, and over 18 millions in 

 1902. The growth of cotton manufact- 

 ured at home was from 857,000 bales to 

 3,547,000 bales. The importation of the 

 principal raw materials for use in manu- 

 facturing increased from 20 million dol- 

 lars in 1870 to 176 millions in 1901 — 

 all illustrating the rapid growth in the 

 manufacturing industries of the United 

 States. The capital employed in manu- 

 facturing is shown by the census of 1870 

 at 2,118 million dollars, and that of 1900 

 at 9,874 millions, and the value of manu- 

 factures turned out in 1870, 4,232 mil- 

 lions, and in 1900, 13,040 millions. 



Having now shown the growth in 

 manufactures compared with conditions 

 in our own country at the beginning of 

 the centnry, I want to say a few words 

 about the growth of manufactures in the 

 United States compared with the growth 

 in other countries, especially those great 

 manufacturing countries of Europe — 

 France, Germany, and the United King- 

 dom. These three countries produce 

 practically two-thirds of the manufact- 

 ures of all Europe, and therefore it 

 seems unnecessary to take into consider- 

 ation in this study the other and smaller 



