312 Thb National Geographic Magazine 



countries, France, Germany, the United 

 Kingdom, and the United States, at the 

 four dates which I have named, 1840, 

 i860, 1888, and 1894, the term " Ger- 

 many" applying in the earlier periods 

 to those States now included in the Ger- 

 man Empire. The first group of lines 

 indicates the value of the manufactures 

 of each of the four countries in 1840 as 

 shown by Mr Mulhall's figures, ar- 



of lines I have retained the same scale 

 of measurement per million used in the 

 first group, and the same relative posi- 

 tion for each of the countries. In i860 

 you will note that the United States 

 had almost overtaken Germany and 

 France, and that its manufactures were 

 about two-thirds in value those of the 

 United Kingdom. In 1888 the United 

 States had outstripped all of her com- 



PROGRESS IN THE PRINCIPAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 

 1870- 1101. 



q87f 



261 



ss^ 



Zl 



33 



COAL 



PIG IKON 



COTTON 



PRINCIPAL CAPITAL VALUE OF 



IMPORTS 



' EXPORTS 



(million 



(thousand 



MANUFACT- 



MFG. MA- EMPLOYED MANUFACT- 



OF IRON & 



OF IRON & 



tons) 



tons) 



URED 



terials (in mil- UREs(in 



STEEL 



STEEL 







(thousand 



imp. (values liousofdol- millions of 



mfrs. (in 



mfrs. (in 







bales) 



in millions lars) dollars) 



millions 



millions 









of dollars) 



of dollars) 



of dollars) 









DIAGRAM NO. 15 







ranged in the order of magnitude, the 

 United States the smallest, 467 million 

 dollars, the European countries follow- 

 ing in the order, Germany, France, 

 United Kingdom. It will be seen that 

 in 1840 the value of manufactures in 

 the United States was less than one- 

 third of those of Germany or France, 

 and less than one-fourth of those of the 

 United Kingdom. In the other groups 



petitors in the race, the value of her 

 manufactures, as will be readily seen, 

 being more than those of France and 

 Germany combined and nearly twice as 

 great as those of the United Kingdom. 

 In 1894, as will be seen by a glance at 

 the final group of lines, the United 

 States made still greater gains over her 

 competitors, the value of her manu- 

 factures in that year being nearly as 



