3 r 4 



The National Geographic Magazine 



Kingdom, nearly two and a half times 

 as great as in 1840, and those of the 

 United States practically twenty times 

 as great as in 1840. 



The causes of our rapid growth in 

 manufactures, as compared with these 

 European countries, are not difficult to 

 find. The 5 great articles which enter 

 most largely into the manufacturing 



the United Kingdom was the largest 

 producer of pig iron ; today we have 

 not only far surpassed that country in 

 the production of iron, but in 1902 our 

 production of pig iron actually exceeded 

 the combined production of the three 

 greatest pig-iron-producing countries of 

 Europe — the United Kingdom, Ger- 

 many, and Belgium — and our produc- 



GROWTH OF MANUFACTURES IN FRANCE GERMANY 

 UNITED KINGDOMS UNITED STATE5.I8 L KM8 ( 3H- 



IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 



9.M-98 



7.022 



M-.263 



3.990 



3357 



2.900 



2.637 



2.092 



2360 



1995 



1.606 



I 



I.H8f 



2.808 



1.883 



1840 'feO '88 9Y I8H0 '60 "80 '94 



FRANCE. GERMANY. 



PER CENT OF INCREASE I8t0-91, 81 PER CENT OF INCREASE ; 127 



1,907 



4-67 

 I 



I8t0 '60 80 '9f 



I8M0 '60 80 '9t 



UNITED KINGDOM. UNITED 5TATE5. 



Per cent of increase, 179 per cent of increase-, 1932. 



DIAGRAM NO. 17 



industries today are iron, wood, copper, 

 cotton, and coal, the latter being the 

 important and necessary factor in trans- 

 forming the others into manufactures. 

 In each of these great requirements of 

 manufacturing the United States has 

 larger known supplies than any other 

 country of the world, and better trans- 

 portation facilities for assembling them 

 for manufacturing. A few 3 r ears ago 



tion of steel exceeds that of other coun- 

 tries in a like proportion. Our production 

 of pig iron has grown from less than one 

 million tons in 1865 to over 17 millions 

 in 1902, and of steel from 20 thousand 

 tons in 1867 to over 13 million tons in 

 1 90 1. Of copper the United States now 

 produces one-half that of the entire 

 world, our production of copper having 

 grown fiom less than 1,000 tons in 



