The United States: Her Industries 319 



the census shows that this is true. We 

 are accustomed to think of the New 

 England and Middle States as the chief 

 seat of the manufacturing industries, 

 and it is rather surprising to know that 

 the center of the manufacturing indus- 

 tries has steadily moved westward until 

 it is now located in the State of Ohio. 



It is equally surprising to know that 

 Ohio ranks first of all the States of the 

 Union in the manufacture of carriages 

 and wagons and of clay products, and 

 second in agricultural implements and 

 in iron and steel manufactures. Illinois 

 holds first rank in the manufacture of 

 agricultural implements, cars, bicycles, 

 and distilled liquors, and second in men's 

 clothing, furniture, musical instruments, 

 soap, and candles. Wisconsin ranks 

 first in lumber and timber production, 

 Minnesota first in flour manufacturing, 

 Missouri first in the manufacture of 

 tobacco, Texas first in the manufacture 

 of cotton-seed oil cake, Colorado first 

 in lead, and California first in explo- 

 sives, wines, and preserved fruits. The 

 various manufacturing interests have 

 extended far into the interior of the 

 country, and in some cases across the 

 entire continent. 



While the plentiful supply of raw 

 materials and unexcelled facilities for 

 assembling them are perhaps the most 

 striking among the causes of our manu- 

 facturing success, we must add another 

 factor, the strenuousness of labor. This 

 is one which we, as Americans, scarcely 

 appreciate, because it is a condition to 

 which we have always been accustomed; 

 but that it has been an important factor 

 in our success over other nations is evi- 

 denced by the attention which it receives 

 from representative men of other coun- 

 tries who have studied our success and 

 sought to learn its causes. Mr J. S. 

 Jeans, secretary of the British Iron 

 Trade Association, who recently accom- 

 panied a commission of iron and steel 

 manufacturers sent to the United States 

 to study conditions here, in his report 



says: "One of the notable character- 

 istics of the principal cities and indus- 

 trial centers of the United States is the 

 comparative absence of a leisured class. 

 The typical American appears to live 

 only to work, and to work at something 

 that will be a life-long career of useful- 

 ness to himself and the community. 

 Every man, however rich, must have a 

 calling in the United States. ' ' Mr Lud- 



MILE5 OF RAILWAY IN THE U.S.% EUROPE 

 1850,1870,1880,1902. 



(IN THOUSANDS OF MILES) 



U.S. 

 200 



U.S. 

 53 



Europe: 



U.S. 14- 



i I 



1850 



2 



EUROPE 

 179 



GROWTH 



UNITED STATES 

 1650 '• 1902 



93 



1880 1902 



DIAGRAM NO. 24 



1850 '70 '80 1902 



wig Max Goldberger, of Berlin, Royal 

 Privy Councillor of Commerce and mem- 

 ber of the Imperial German Consultative 

 Board for Commercial Measures, who 

 visited the United States in 1902, spend- 

 ing some eight months studying our 

 commercial conditions, says: "A sort of 

 fanaticism for work seems to have taken 

 hold of men in the United States. Tabor 

 is so intense in the centers of industry 



