3 68 



The National Geographic Magazine 



Outline Map No. IV. — Ratio of Total Insane per 100,000 Population, Census 1890 



New Hampshire, and Vermont, so that 

 our findings thus far are still further 

 harmonized by these additional facts, 

 for the density of population in Maine, 

 New Hampshire, and Vermont is very 

 much lower than for the other states in 

 this region. (See outline map No. III.) 

 If, now, we study the movement of 

 population during the past century we 

 meet again the same confirmation for 

 our views. * Mayo-Smith makes the 

 statement that in 1790, 95 per cent of 

 the population were on the Atlantic sea- 

 board, with an average depth of settle- 

 ment at right angles to the coast of only 

 255 miles. The stream of population 

 spread westward along three lines — one 

 the valley of the Mohawk, one from Vir- 

 ginia southwest into Kentucky and Ten- 

 nessee by way of the Appalachian Val- 

 ley, and one over the Alleghenies to the 

 Ohio River. This latter course was the 



""Richmond Ma3 7 o-Smith, 

 ciology." 



Statistics and So- 



principal one, and from the junction of 

 the Ohio with the Mississippi we find 

 further westward migration occurring 

 along the valleys of the Missouri, Ar- 

 kansas, and Red Rivers. This course 

 of the westward spread of population 

 has been maintained, for, though river 

 valleys furnish the natural highways 

 for migration, when railroads come to 

 be built they are built in the valle}'s, 

 and the general course of events is not 

 materially changed thereby. 



See how closelj- these facts correspond 

 with the distribution of insanit}-. From 

 the northeastern coast states — Massa- 

 chusetts, Connecticut, New York, and 

 New Jersey — there is a progressive de- 

 crease southward along the Atlantic 

 coast. There is also a decrease as we 

 go southwest along the Appalachian 

 Valley; but we find the ratio of insane 

 continues high in the Virginias, Ken- 

 tucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina, 

 and does not show a marked falling off 



