The Grape-Growing Industry 



445 



Inlet, the retreat since the time of Van- 

 couver having been more than 15 miles. 

 In 1886 Rev. G. F. Wright made a study 

 of the glacier, and it was surveyed and 

 more elaborately studied by Prof. H. F. 

 Reid in 1890 and 1892. In 1899 it was 

 visited by the Harriman Expedition, and 

 changes in the outline of the front were 

 recorded in a sketch map by Mr Henry 

 Gannett. Each successive observation 

 up to 1890 showed the retreat of the ice 

 front. Between 1890 and 1892 there 

 was a slight advance, and there was a 

 moderate amount of retreat before 1899. 

 The history of the locality since 1899, 

 as set forth in Mr Andrews's letter, in- 

 dicates that some very important change 

 was made by the earthquake which oc- 

 curred a few months after the visit of 

 the Harriman Expedition. As the 

 amount of ice thrown into the inlet was 

 so great that approach by water is not 

 yet possible, it is probable that the 

 greater part, or perhaps the whole, of 

 the falling away of the glacier front took 

 place suddenly and as a consequence of 

 the earthquake. Professor Reid's map 

 shows two nunataks, or islands of rock, 

 projecting above the glacier a few miles 



back from the front. The summits of 

 these nunataks were used by him as to- 

 pographic stations, and they were after- 

 ward occupied for the same purpose by 

 Mr Gannett. I also, as a member of 

 the Harriman Expedition, visited them 

 in 1899, and noted that the portion of 

 the glacier lying between them and the 

 ice front was at that time practically 

 stagnant. The portion between them 

 and the east wall of the basin seemed 

 also to be nearly motionless, but there 

 was evidence of a strong current west of 

 the nunataks. That which has since 

 broken away includes portions of both 

 the inactive and the active divisions of 

 the glacier, and the maps and photo- 

 graphs suggest that the ice in the vicinity 

 of the nunataks has suffered loss in 

 depth as well as area. Where Reid 

 mapped two small nunataks, Gannett 

 found two of larger area, and Andrews 

 indicates a single one, including the 

 positions of both those observed by Reid. 

 The retreat of the ice front has extended 

 practically to the face of the confluent 

 nunatak, though a remnant of ice ap- 

 pears to cling to the rock, forming a 

 terrace about its seaward slope. 



THE GRAPE-GROWING INDUSTRY IN THE 



UNITED STATES 



THE cultivation of grapes for the 

 market, for raisins, and to make 

 wine has become an important 

 business of the United States during re- 

 cent years. Two hundred million dollars 

 of capital are invested in this and depend- 

 ent industries. California supplies the 

 people of the country with practically 

 all the raisins that they eat, 100,000,000 

 pounds, and the same state, with New 

 York and Ohio, produces annually 24,- 

 000,000 gallons of wine. The annual 

 grape crop, before an)' of the grapes 

 are changed to wine or raisins, reaches 



$15,000,000 in value and nearly 750,000 

 tons in weight. 



The early settlers of the Atlantic coast 

 found wild vines everywhere, but their 

 attempts to start vineyards in the East 

 failed miserably, as they tried to grow 

 varieties imported from Europe. It was 

 not until they began to experiment with 

 some of the wild varieties growing so 

 luxuriantly on the coast that they had 

 any success. 



About 1824 Mr John Adlum, of 

 Georgetown, D. C, obtained the well- 

 known Catawba grape by improving a 



