Il8 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Proc. 3D Ser. 



mag n-animus (magnus, stem magno — \- animus). 1 

 But if the second member of the compound begins with a 

 consonant, the final vowel of the first member will appear 

 as i. For even in the case of a, o- 2 and u- 3 stems the final 

 vowel is, in accordance with well known phonetic laws, 

 naturally weakened to -i- [m an-c e p s, contractor, and m a n- 

 cipium, contract (derived from manus, hand -f- caper e, 

 take) have lost even the -i-\ -.e.g. 



tub-i-cen (tuba, horn, -\- c a n-e re, sing-) , horn-player; 



curv-i-rostris (curvus, stem curvo-, curved, -\- 

 rostrum, beak), having a curved beak ; 



spin-i-barbus (spina, spine, -\-ba.rb a, beard), hav- 

 ing a beard of spines ; 



hort-i-cola (hortus, stem horto-, garden, -\- col- 

 e r e , dwell) , dwelling in a garden ; 



navi-ger(navis, stem navi-,s/jz^>,-f-ger-ere, bear), 

 ship-bearing ; 



corn-i-ger (cornu, stem cornu-,/zcr»,+ger-ere, 

 bear) , horn-bearing. 



In the case of stems in -io-, the o simply falls out and 

 leaves the first member ending in -?'-, as in the other cases : 

 e. g. 



1 Forms like multi-angulus (side by side with mult-angulus) are of 

 later manufacture and the result of analogy with forms where no hiatus occurs. 



2 Where -o- appears in the junction of compounds, it is due to the influ- 

 ence of the Greek compounds: e. g. albo-galerus, theflamen'shat; uno- 

 maramius, single-breasted. Accordingly, such formations asalbo-cauda- 

 tus, white-tailed, as participial form to albi-cauda (adjective), or rubro- 

 punctatus, red-spotted, or rubro-vinctus, might be perfectly legitimate 

 in epic poetry but not in Latin prose nor in strictly correct New Latin con- 

 struction. 



3 A -u- seems sometimes to remain unchanged: e. g. nau-fragus (navis, 

 stem navi-,+ \/frag, frangere, to break), ship -wrecking, for navi-fra- 

 gus, arose in the same way as Greek vau-ayos, and in the same way bu- 

 caeda (cf. bovi-caedium) and bu-mammus were made after the anal- 

 ogy of the Greek compounds of /?»£>? ; manu-mitto, manu-factus, etc. 

 are not due to composition, properly speaking, at all, but to juxtaposition, 

 manu- being not the stem but the ablative case. 



