Zool.— Vol. I.] MILLER— GREEK AND LATIN DERIVATIVES. I2>J 



34 3. We may take simple Greek words and manufacture 

 of them the compound as it would have existed in Greek 

 and then transliterate it into Latin. The manufacture will 

 take place in accordance with the remaining formulas. 



35 4. If the final member of a nomen comftosiium is a noun, 

 the compound will have the form and gender and inflec- 

 tional stem of that noun: e. g. 



just given and says: " In accordance with such rules, Rhinoceros has been 

 turned into Rhinocerus. But Rhinoceros was admitted into classical 

 Latinity, and with it the corresponding oblique cases, Rhinocerotis, etc.; 

 in fact, the word was current in the language of description, satire, and 

 proverb — as when used by Juvenal for a vessel made of the horn, or by 

 Lucilius for a long-nosed man, or by Martial in the proverbial expression, 

 'Nasum rhinocerotis habere'; i.e., to turn the nose up, as we should 

 say. These authorities are good enough for me." Most naturally; for they 

 are true to the law! Dr. Gill is unfortunate in his choice of example. 

 Rhinoceros is correct, according to rule, and Rhinocerus is wrong; the 

 spelling -us does not occur in any classical author (except in a false reading 

 in Lucilius, where -os is now read). Of course, there can be no question 

 about the existence of forms in -os for Greek -09 and -on for -ov in a cer- 

 tain class of writers of the Silver Age, when, according to that same Juvenal, 

 Rome was more Greek than Latin. Apuleius occasionally so transliterates; 

 but it is simply one of his many Greek mannerisms. Pliny the Elder- is re- 

 sponsible for the most of the transgressions of that law which are to be found 

 in the dictionaries; his reason for such violation of the Latin law is found in 

 his desire to present the technical or scientific words of his Greek original in 

 an untranslated, unchanged form. The same phenomenon, with the same 

 reason underlying, is to be found in the Church Fathers. And so we have, 

 hammo-chrysos, hady-osmos, ophidion, gingidion, and many 

 more; most of them, as I said, are Pliny's Latin, but Pliny's solecisms or 

 mannerisms should not be good enough for any one when a better than Pliny 

 (in point of Latinity, at least) can be found; and the law both before and 

 after Pliny was: Greek -uy is Latin -us, and Greek -ov is Latin -um. 

 The diphthongs: 



at 



as 



av 



au 



VI 



y 1 



V 



e 



€1 



e or 1 



ev 



eu 



a 



1 



a 



a> 







01 



ce 



ov 



u 











ai and oi for ai and o; before another vowel appear only in a few proper 

 names, as Achaia, Troia, etc., and therefore do not concern us. The strict 

 Latin orthography cannot be too rigorously insisted upon; consistency will 

 in no other way be obtainable. 



