Zool.-Vol. I.] MILLER— GREEK AND LATIN DERIVATIVES. 133 



47 elided 1 ; and, at the same time, if such elision brings a sim- 

 ple surd (k, it, t) up against a vowel affected by a rough 

 breathing, that simple surd will become the correspond- 

 ing aspirate (%, </>, #). If, on the other hand, the second 

 element begins with a consonant, the vowel stands, and the 

 rule is that all a-stems follow the analogy of the o-stems and 



48 change their vowel to -0-. When, however, the stem of the 

 first member ends in -1 or -v' 2 , the same analogy has forced 

 itself in and -0- is added to the stem of the first as a con- 

 necting-vowel between it and the second member of the 

 compound 3 : e. g. epv6p(o)-6j>6a\no<; (ipvOpos, red,-\-6cf)daX- 

 /uo'?, eye), red-eyed; 77 yctepo-opo'/xo? (^/j,epa,-\-Sp6/j.o<;, running') , 

 one who runs all day; 0vp(a)-av\o<; (dvpa, door,-\-av\eco, 

 lodge), living out of doors; but dvp-o-Koiros (dvpa, door,-\- 

 kotttq), knock), knocking at the door; 8e%-tf/jLepo<; (SeW, ten, 

 -\-r)p,epa, day), ten-day; vw^8-rjix,ep-o<; (vvt;, stem vvkt-, night, 

 -\-r)iJ,epa, day), night and day; /j.e\av-o-/cecf>a\o<; (/xe'Xa?, black, 

 stem p,e\av-,-\-Ke<^aXrj, head), black-headed ; Aeoi'T-o-zce'^aXo? 

 (Xeuiv, stem Xeovr-, lion, -\-Ke<j)a\rj, head) , lion-headed; lp,av- 

 to-ttovs (1/j.ds, stem 1/j.o.vt-, strap, -\-ttov<;, foot), leather-footed ; 

 6<f>i-o-/ce(f>a\o<; (oc/>i-?, serpent, -\-Ke<f>a\Tj, head), snake-headed ; 

 •KoXi-ov'Xps, i. e. 7roXi-o'-e^;o? (7ro'\t-?, city, stem Tro\i-,-\-e^a), 

 hold) , city-holding ; t%0f-o-7ra>A7?? (Ix6v-<;,fish, -j-7r<»Xe&), sell) , 

 fish-monger . But when the final v of the stem is part of a 



'Sometimes contraction takes place: e. g. xaxoupyu? (xax6s-\-*k'p)'u>) 7 

 working ill; ewoD/os'"(£uvij,bed,-H/«', tend), eunuch. This would be the nat- 

 ural phonetic course for such combinations to follow, but it is the exception, 

 rather than the rule, for them to do so. 

 40 2 This rule applies to nouns only; all adjectives with stems in -o, when figur- 



ing as first member of a compound, appear as bare stem without any con- 

 necting-vowel: e. g. ftpayru-tiows, short-footed; flpayv-oupo?, short-tailed; 

 PpaSv-voi>$, slow of thought; 7}80-og/j.os, sweet-smelling; wxu-7rou$, swift- 

 footed; and all the hosts of words beginning with ttoAo-. 



3 a, £, ;, and y occur so rarely in the middle of compound words, even 

 before a consonant (and then, too, for the most part, in poetry), that for our 

 purposes we may disregard them entirely. Still, good classical precedents 

 may be found for the use of any one of them; !%0us, e. g., appears in the Greek 

 lexicon as the first member of compounds thirty-one times with an -0— over 

 against fourteen times without the — 0— , while the compounds of umtq all have 

 the -«— vowel. 



5° 



