364 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Proc. 3D Ser. 



which its flat upper edge fits in a slight groove in the ptero- 

 tic. Its lower end meets the long slender symplectic (sy.) 

 which is ankylosed to the inner surface of the quadrate {q.). 

 It ends anteriorly just behind the prominent articular pro- 

 cess for the lower jaw. 



The metapterygoid {nipt.) sends a flat, delicate lamina of 

 bone from its inner surface upward to an anterior angle of 

 the hyomandibular. 



The pterygoid {pt.) is small, but a comparatively large 

 palatine {pa.) makes up the otherwise deficiency in the 

 length of the process formed by these two bones. Above 

 them the large, thin mesopterygoid {mspt.) articulates. 



On the posterior lower corner of the articular {ar.) the 

 angular {an.) is developed as a triangular bone. The lower 

 edge only of the articular is articulated to the dentary {d.), 

 leaving a space between its upper edge and the superior 

 backward projection of the dentary. 



The preoperculum {pop.) at its upper end is sunk in a 

 large groove in the hyomandibular. It is hollowed out by 

 a sensory canal which is bridged over only at each of the 

 five spines that are so characteristic on this bone in the 

 Scorpasnidae. 



The operculum {op.) is strengthened by two slight, radia- 

 ting ridges, which end in flat spines posteriorly. Underly- 

 ing its lower edge and turning up around its anterior edge 

 for a short distance is the long, narrow suboperculum {sop.), 

 which is only slightly ossified. The interoperculum {iop.) 

 meets, but does not lap over, the suboperculum. 



III. — Shoulder Girdle. 

 Plate XXIII, Figs. 5 and 6. 



The hypercoracoid {hyc.) is pierced by a very large fora- 

 men, above which its outer surface lies flat against', and is 

 firmly articulated to, the clavicle {cl.). 



The actinosts {a.) are rather large and hour-glass-shaped. 

 Two and a half of them are articulated to the hypercoracoid, 



