J. W. Dawson—FPaleozoic Land Snails. 405 
received abundant drainage from neighboring land. It is only 
in such deposits that remains of true land-snails can be ex- 
pected to occur; though, had fresh-water or brackish water 
Pulmonates abounded in the Carboniferous age, their remains 
should have occurred in those bituminous and calcareo-bitu- 
minous shales which contain such vast quantities of debris of 
Cyprids, Lamellibranchs and fishes of the period, mixed with 
fossil plants. 
With reference to their affinities, the Paleozoic land ‘snails 
present no very remarkable pec uliarity except their close re- 
semblance to some modern forms. Of the known species, four 
belong to the genus Pupa in its wider sense, and are very near 
to sub-generic types still represented on the American conti- 
nent and its islands. One is a small helicoid shell not separa- 
ble from the modern genus Zonites, and the rem a one, 
though it has been placed in a new genus, is very near to some 
small American snails of the present day (Stenotrema, te) 
All the species are of small size, though not smaller than some 
modern shells of the same types 
I shall now proceed to give the characters and descriptions 
of the several species, “apie to the account of those previously 
known, such new facts s have oceurred in my more recent 
explorations and exitesinatintst I should state here that many 
the new facts detailed have been obtained in the course 
a excavations for the extraction of erect trees holding land 
L test vetusta Dawson. (Figs. 1 to 4, and 14, a, 6.) 
[Sir C. Lyell. = Dr. Dawson on Remains of Reptiles and a Land shell from 
the South Joggins in Nova Scotia, Journal of Geological Society . London, vol. ix, 
1832 (figured but not named). Dawson’s Acadian Geology, 1855, p. 160. Dawson's 
Air-breathers of the Coal Period, 1863. Acadian Geology, 2d aa 3d editions, p. 
384, 1868 wich 
ache = Shel wehbe te somewhat abruptly con 
at the apex, in some specimens tending to diminish in dist 
eter in the later turns or west of the shell. Whorls nine in 
adult shells, slighly opm in Oy peace to half the diame- 
ter of the shell. Suture i ‘hens evenly rounded, 
n broad, destitute of 
spaces a little wider than the ridges; spaces about x},th inc 
in width. Shell calcareous, thin, rismatic in structure. Young 
specimens abruptly conic cal and helicoid in form. Nucleus 
round, smooth, the first turn below the nucleus marked with 
