S. L. Penfield—Occurrence of Alkalies in Beryl. 31 
Comparing these pereentages with the analyses, remembering 
that there some beryllium is replaced by alkalies and iron pro- 
toxide, we notice that the silica‘is in all cases too low and the 
alumina too high, as will be seen best by comparison of the 
ratios where SiO, : Al,O, was in all cases near'6:1:08. If we 
regard beryl as a little less acid, containing one less SiO, than 
in the above formula we obtain the formula A],Be,H,Si,,0,, 
equal to 2A1,(SiO,),, 5BeSiO,, HO, This formula, although 
not so simple as the one at first proposed, agrees much closer 
with the results of analysis. The percentages corresponding 
to the formula are SiO, 65:41, Al,O, 20°42, BeO 12°39, H,O 
1'78=100-00. The corresponding ratios in the analyses, taking 
one-eleventh of the silica as unity, are 
q; LE, TLE: IV. a VI. VII. 
Sid, 11°00 11°00 11°00 11:00 11°00 11°00 11°00 
Al,0O; 1°95 1°89 1:99 2°04 1°97 1°99 1:97 
Protoxides 5-30 4-99 A474 4°65 4°19 4°81 4:72 
H,O 1°37 1°39 1°51 1:23 1°14 116 0°63 
These ratios are not quite 11:2:5:1, the reason being per- 
haps on account of the incomplete separation of the aluminum 
constituents of beryl may be further shown by the following 
_ water and alkali determinations on five beryls which aré at my 
disposal. The alkalies were in all cases determined by a 
Smith’s fusion on one-half gram each. The chlorides were 
weighed, without pretensions to exact quantitative work, and 
tested with the spectroscope. They will serve simply to give 
an idea of the quantity of alkalies. 
Water. Weight of chlorides. 
Green crystal, Portland, Conn.......-. 2°44 00194 NaOl, LiCl. 
Pale yellow, Haddam, Conn. ....._..-- 1°97 0047 NaCl, LiCl. 
Pale yellowish green, Delaware Co., Pa. 2°21 “0062 NaCl, LiCl. 
Green, Acworth, N. H. ...-222.0-.... 2-05 0052 NaCl, LiCl, CsCl. 
Green, Monroe, Conn 1°65 0064 NaCl, LiCl, CsCl. 
The results of the investigation prove then, that alkalies are 
always present, undoubtedly replacing the beryllium; that 
water is also present and cannot be disregarded in the formula, 
and that the formula A1,Be,H,Si,,0,, is the one agreeing best 
with the analyses. 
Alkalies have previously been noticed in beryl by hes B. 
* Ann. Chim. Phys., III, 53, 5. ¢ Jahrb. Min., 1872, 95. 
Bs at 
