8S. L. Penfield—Oceurrence of Alkalies in Beryl. 27 
with hydrofluoric acid and added to the first weight of silica. 
The flask containing the ammonium carbonate precipitate was 
shaken from time to time, then allowed to stand for twenty-four 
hours and the alumina filtered and washed with a nearly satu- 
rated cold solution of ammonium carbonate. The precipitate 
of sn was dissolved in hydrochloric acid, filtered from 
gain in the same way ‘to separate the 
beryilint more completely. -After the seonhil separation the 
alumina, together with the small quantity of iron, was dissolved 
in hydrochloric acid, precipitated with ammonia, filtered and 
weighed. The ammonium carbonate filtrates from the alum- 
monium carbonate and the beryllium dissolved in hydrochlo- 
ric acid precipitated with ammonia, filtered and weighed. 
he 
one per cent of be ryllia um was found to os extracted by the 
second sepadetie. The sum of the weights of the alumina, 
beryllium and iron oxides after the separation agreed —— 
“with the first weight of total oxides. The alumina tig iro 
oxides were dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and after be ak 
converted into sulphates and reduced, the iron was pen 
by means of permanganate of potash. The error involved in 
this method of separation of beryllium from aluminum is gener- 
ally regarded to be that the ammonium carbonate solution 
he small uuaihey of iron exists entre in both states 
of oxidation, replacing both aluminum and beryllium. The 
protoxide was determined separately in one analysis only, 
(analysis V). Beryl is very hard to decompose, even with 
strong hydrofluoric acid; it was necessary to use the finest, 
elutriated powder and then a complete solution of the mineral, 
for titration’ with permanganate, could not be obtained. “As 
the very small quantity of iron in the other beryl can affect 
the results but ‘very slightly, and as two-thirds of the iron in 
analysis V was found to exist as protoxide, I have calculated _ 
it as such in the remaining analyses. . - 
‘ests. were always made for calcium and magnesium, byes in 
only two —— could fi be detected. Great care was | 
