+ 
214 A. E. Verrill—_ Marine Fauna off the 
numerous serial temperatures, not given pit were also taken, 
and the specific gravity of samples of water, from various 
depths, was determined. The bottom at all the stations below 
1000 fathoms was main] sathaonsl of ‘‘Globigerina ooze,’ 
ing the consistency of fine sticky mud, commonly 
of a dull olive-green or bluish color.* When washed through 
a very fine sieve a variable, but often large, proportion remains 
on the sieve, composed chiefly of the shells of Globigerina and 
other foraminifera, of many kinds, but mostly minute. These 
are usually mixed with a considerable amount of age fine grains 
of siliceous sand,t among which are some grains of magnetite 
and garnet. Green grains, apparently of susie, are also 
common. 
The deepest localities were all rich in animal life, of many 
kinds. A considerable number of interesting fishes were 
obtained, many of them new to our fauna. Some of theseare 
new genera and species of great interest. 
Very interesting additions to our collections were made in 
nearly every class of marine invertebrates, including many 
piidendtibed species and genera, some of which are of great 
morphological importance, while many of the described species 
were previously known only from distant regions, on the Euro- 
pean side of the Atlantic, in the arctic or antarctic regions, off 
the coast of South America, in the West Indies, or even in the 
Indian or Pacific Oceans. Thus our knowledge of the distri- 
bution of the deep-sea forms, both geographically and in depth, 
has been greatly increased. Some of these dea sea species 
were first described as fossils from the European tertiaries. 
Moreover a considerable number of our shallow-water species 
have been found to have a much greater range in depth than 
was anticipated, many of them going down below 500 fathoms, 
while some even go below 1000 fathoms. 
On the first trip of the Albatross from Wood’s Holl, which 
was made July 16th to 19th, four successful hauls were made 
with a large trawl, in 1346 to 1736 fathoms, on the 17th and 
18th of July, two each day, besides the soundings and tempera- 
* In recording the character of the bottom, on the vessels, bee character of the 
mud is usually judged of mainly by its appearance to the naked eye, and some- 
time ense of touch. The finer varieties of “ giatthiston ooze” are not dis- 
tinguishable by these tests from “fine ud,” or y mud,” or “fine gra, 
” 
sandy mud.” Thus the official records of this and other similar explorations do 
not always agree with the ~ erminations of the naturalists who 8 ubsequently 
— the — of bot In many cases, however, such correction ns are 
entually made. Very perf ct samples of bottom-mu d are often enclosed in the 
allews ee ges bases of ae Actinie. Such samples, not having been washed 
f er portions, might pes serve to i ement or correct the official 
records eas from the samples brought - in sou 
ist The sand probably fonts out on the to these distant localities from the 
hore beaches, as explained in my aaa papers in this Journal. 
