J. W. Langley—Chemical Affinity. 367 
which owes its origin to De Morveau, 1787, Berzelius, 1817, and 
especially Liebig, 1832; and on the other, in Dumas’s discovery 
that chlorine could be substituted for hydrogen. 
a 
able by chlorine; and further, the substituted chlorine will 
have lost its familiar characteristics; for example, it will no 
longer precipitate silver, but will, on the contrary, assume 2 
part of the duty previously borne by the hydrogen in the new 
