418 J. P. Kimball—Geological Relations and Genesis 
distinct forms of coral, and is strewn with fragments of coral, 
rounded by the waves, but in good preservation, and numbering 
a large variety of species. 
The two older terraces retain little or nothing of corallum 
structure, but are thoroughly consolidated, indurated and crys- 
talline. As an effect of the action of the waves in former 
periods, they still present mural escarpments seaward, with a 
talus at the base of each from weathering, and from clefts 
produced by the wedging effect of roots of trees. 
The upper terrace reposes directly on the syenyte, and east 
of the Carpintero river (Juraguacito) forms the immediate coast. 
The base of the two lower terraces is concealed. 
The bay of Santiago corresponds to an original recession of 
the coast, the eastern limit of which was the mouth of the river 
just mentioned. This recession was once filled out with coral 
formation. Subsequent to the final elevation of the Sierra 
races, numbered in inverse order of succession. Larlier coral- 
Cobre, the eastern end of which range faces the bay, seems to 
have resulted in the final elevation of the coralline area. The 
succeeding excavation of the bay has been effected with but 
little aid from existing streams, the. present drainage of the 
mountain plateau of the Sierra Maestra and back ranges being 
to the east and west of it. 
Place is given to this remote observation, confirmed as it is by 
Mr. Sarlabous. 
The Juragua Hills, so-called, are the culmination of the 
middle ranges of foot-hills of the Sierra, about balf way be- 
tween the bays of Santiago and Guantanamo, or, more closely 
defined, between the mountain streams, the Carpintero (Jura- 
guacito) and the Daiquri. 
