some Thermodynamical Relations, 39 



Taking the mean ratio for each ether, and the temperatures 

 of ethyl acetate at the three pressures as correct, the boiling- 

 point of the ethers were recalculated ; and the following table 

 contains these values, together with the observed tempera- 

 tures and the differences between the observed and calculated 

 temperatures : — 



Absolute Temperatures. 



Ether. 



Observed. 



Calculated. 



Differences. 























1300 



760 



200 



1300 



760 



200 



1300 



760 



200 





mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



mm. 



Methyl formate 



320-1 



305-3 



273-7 



320-1 



305-1 



274-0 







-0-2 



4-0-3 



Ethyl formate 



343-2 



327-4 



293-1 



343-1 



327-0 



293-6 



-o-i 



-04 



4-0-5 



Propyl formate 



371-3 



354-0 



318-0 



371-4 



354-0 



317-9 



+o-i 







-0-1 



Isobutyl formate . . . 



388-8 



370-9 



332-4 



388-7 



370-5 



332-8 



-0-1 



-0-4 



4-0-4 



Amyl formate 



416-7 



3963 



356-2 



416-2 



396-7 



356-2 



-0-5 



+04 







Methyl acetate 



3460 



330-5 



296-5 



346-4 



3300 



296-5 



4-04 



-0-5 







Propyl acetate 



392-2 



373'8 



336-1 



392-3 



374-0 



335-8 



+0-1 



+0-2 



-0-3 



Isobutyl acetate . . . 



408-5 



3893 



349-6 



408-5 



389-3 



349-6 















Methyl propionate .. 



370-0 



352-9 



316-7 



370-1 



352-7 



316-8 



4-0-1 



-0-2 



4-01 



Ethyl propionate ... 



389-9 



371-3 



333-7 



389-7 



371-5 



3336 



-0-2 



+0-2 



—o-i 



Propyl propionate. . . 



41 4-7 



395-2 



355-0 



414-7 



395 3 



355-0 







+0-1 







Isobutyl propionate 



429-9 



409-8 



368-0 



429-9 



409-8 



368-0 















Amyl propionate . . 



454-2 



433-2 



389-9 



454-7 



4334 



389-2 



+0-5 



+0-2 



-0-7 



Methyl butyrate . . . 



393-9 



375-3 



336-9 



393-7 



375-3 



337-0 



-0-2 







4-0-1 



Ethyl butyrate 



412-1 



392-9 



352-2 



411-9 



392-6 



352-6 



-0-2 



-0-3 



+0-4 



Propyl butyrate ... 



436-7 



415-7 



374-2 



436-6 



416-2 



373-8 



-o-i 



+0-5 



-0-4 



Isobutyl butyrate . . . 



451-0 



429-9 



386-0 



4510 



429-9 



386-0 















Amyl butyrate 



4740 



451-6 



405-6 



4739 



451-7 



405-6 



-01 



+0-1 







Methyl isobutyrate . . 



383-6 



365-3 



328-0 



383-4 



365-4 



328-1 



-0-2 



+0-1 



4-0-1 



Ethyl isobutyrate . . . 



402-3 



383-1 



3441 



402-0 



383-2 



344-1 



-0-3 



+0-1 







Propyl isobutyrate .. 



426-2 



406-9 



365-0 



426-5 



406-5 



365-1 



+0-3 



-0-4 



4-0-1 



Isobutyl isobutyrate 



440-8 



419-6 



376-8 



440-4 



419-8 



377-0 



-0-4 



+0-2 



4-0-2 



Amyl isobutyrate . . . 



464-4 



441-8 



397-3 



464-0 



442-3 



397-2 



-04 



4-0-5 



-01 



Methyl valerate 



409-0 



389-7 



350-2 



409 



389-8 



350-1 







4-0-1 



-0-1 



Ethyl valerate 



427-6 



407-3 



365-3 



427-2 



407-2 



365-7 



-04 



-o-i 



4-04 



Propyl valerate 



450-2 



428-9 



385-6 



450-2 



429-2 



385-4 







-r-0-3 



-0-2 



Isobutyl valerate ... 



464-1 



441-7 



397-2 



463-9 



442-1 



397-1 



-0-2 



4-0-4 



-01 



It will be noticed that the greatest difference between the 

 observed and recalculated temperatures is o, 7, which is pro- 

 bably within the limits of experimental error, for the reason 



t ' t 

 already stated. If this is so, the equation h-j holds good 



for this series of ethers, where t 2 f and t 2 are the absolute tem- 

 peratures of any one of the ethers corresponding to two 

 vapour-pressures, and t{ and t x the absolute temperatures of 

 any other ether at the same pressures. If the ethers are 

 compared with some other substance, such as water, the 



equation 



^ = |+c(T'-T) 



