106 Prof. "W. Ostwald's Electrochemical Researches. 



Acid. 



Formula. 



I. 



II. 



III. 



IV. 



V. 



Hydrochloric 



Hydrobromic 



Nitric 



HOI 



100 



98 



92 

 1-31 

 0-345 

 4-300 



23 



68-2 



"6 : 304 

 0-9 



"6 : 70 

 0-3 



0-268 

 0-92 

 17-6 

 2-87 

 0-50 

 1-18 

 2-30 

 2-30 



1 : 63 



100 



111 



100 

 1-53 

 0-40 

 4-84 

 27-1 

 75-4 

 1-31 

 1-82 

 1-37 

 2-67 



"i-07 

 0-80 

 1-72 

 6-49 



"6 : 335 

 1-06 



18-6 

 308 

 0-55 

 1-27 



10*7 



1-73 

 6-21 

 4-81 



100 

 101 

 99 

 1-72 

 0-436 

 5-06 

 24-7 

 61-1 

 1-39 

 1-79 



"2-58 

 0-325 

 1-09 

 0-65 

 1-56 

 6-01 

 0-333 

 0-329 

 1-32 



19-5 

 3-16 

 0-70 

 1-40 

 2-37 

 2-37 

 l-ll 

 1-73 

 7-16 

 5-32 



118 



120 



117 

 531 

 1-56 

 15-3 

 64-2 ' 



100 

 4-65 

 6-61 

 5-46 



"4 : 25 

 2-31 

 5-50 



19-3 

 1-40 

 1-40 

 4'21 



38-7 

 9-52 

 2-06 

 4-79 

 6-89 

 6-89 

 3-31 

 5-49 



15-4 



12-4 



124 

 126 

 123 



15-8 { 

 4-96 I 



38-9 1 

 100 

 110 



13-9 



19-2 



16-5 



131 

 6-79 



16-3 



46-1 

 4-45 

 4-41 



11-8 



53-0 



24-4 

 616 



13-9 



20-9 



20-9 

 8-26 



14-3 



28-4 



25-5 



HBr 



NH0 3 





HC0 2 H 



Acetic 



CH 3 .C0 o H 



Ohloracetic 



Dichlor acetic 



Trichloracetic . . . 

 GHycollic 



OH 2 C1.00 2 H 



0H01 2 .0O 2 H 



C01 3 .0O 2 H 



CH 2 OH.00 H 



CH 2 0CH 3 .C0 o H... 

 CH 2 OC 2 H 5 . C0 2 H 



0(CH 2 0O 2 H) o 



o H. .CO,H.". 



Methoxyacetic ... 



Ethoxyacetic 



Diglvcollic 



Propionic 





C 2 H 4 OH.C0 2 H ... 

 2 H 4 OH.CO 2 H ... 

 2 H 3 (OH) 2 .C0 2 H 

 OH 3 .00.00 2 H ... 

 3 H 7 .CO 2 H 



OxypropionicP ... 

 Glyceric 



Pyruvic 



Butyric 





C 3 H 7 .00 o H 



Oxyisobutyric . . . 

 Oxalic 



C 3 H 6 OH.C0 2 H ... 

 (00 o H) o 



Malonic 



OH (C0 H) 



Succinic 



Malic 



C 2 H 4 (0O 2 H) 2 



2 H 3 OH(CO 2 H) 2 ... 

 O 2 H 2 (OH) 2 (0O 2 H), 

 2 H 2 (OH) o (0O 2 H)a 



C 2 H 6 (C0 2 H) 2 



3 H 4 OH(00 2 H) 3 ... 



H 3 P0 4 



H,AsO„ 



Tartaric 



Racemic 



Pyrotartaric 



Citric 



Phosphoric 







In looking over the table we notice many relations between 

 the affinity-constants and the chemical composition and con- 

 stitution of the acids. Before, however, these relations can 

 be inquired into it will be necessary to ask, What is the influ- 

 ence of dilution on the electrical conductivities of the acids ? 

 The numbers in columns III., IV., and V., which apply to 

 solutions diluted in the ratio 1 : 10 : 100, show that the 

 quantity of water present exerts a great and varying influence 

 on the conductivities. It has been found by the author 

 (Journ. fur prakt. Chemie, [2] xxxi. p. 307, 1885) that the 

 amount of water also influences the actions of acids in the 

 inversion of cane-sugar, and that these actions vary in the 

 same way as the electrical conductivites of the acids, for the 

 various degrees of dilution. 



The numbers in columns III., IV., and V. do not express 

 the specific conductivities of the various acids, as this term is 

 understood in Physics, but rather the products of the specific 

 conductivities into the equivalent volumes of the solutions. 

 The meaning here given to the term equivalent-conductivity 



