[Reprinted from “‘ The Annals of Scottish Natural History,” July 1895.] 
NOTES ON FRESHWATER ENTOMOSTRACA, 
VTE SEC VREPERENCE TO LOCH 
LEVEN. 
By Tuomas Scott, F.L.S., 
Naturalist to the Fishery Board for Scotland. 
SOME time ago I had my attention directed to an interesting 
correspondence of a semi-private nature, relating to the 
presence of Copepoda in the River Leven—the effluent of 
Loch Leven, Kinross-shire. 
Along the banks of this river there are various public 
works, such as powerloom factories, paper-mills, etc. At one 
of these paper-mills, belonging to Mr. Tullis, Auchmuty, 
minute red spots were observed from time to time in the 
paper that was being made. It was shortly after the New 
Year when these spots were first noticed, and they continued 
to be observed for several weeks. For a time no satisfactory 
reason could be given for the occurrence of the red spots, 
but eventually when the strainers were examined numerous 
little objects that at first were supposed to be fish spawn 
were found collected upon them. These were afterwards 
examined under the microscope, and were then seen to be 
small freshwater crustaceans, chiefly Copepods, that had 
evidently been carried down from the loch. On this 
discovery being made, the origin of the red spots was easily 
explained ; and moreover, when the spots themselves were 
examined under the microscope, each spot was seen to be a 
crushed Copepod, the test of the animal being in some 
instances quite distinct. 
When a lot of the little objects from the strainers was 
transferred to a bottle of water, some of them were still alive 
and commenced swimming about, but the majority were 
dead. Globules of oily matter were visible, with the aid of 
the microscope, inside the bodies of almost all the dead 
specimens. 
When Mr. Tullis perceived, from the large numbers of 
crustacea on the strainers, that an extensive exodus of these 
little creatures from Loch Leven was in progress, he wrote 
to some friends, who like himself are interested in natural 
