INTEODUCTION. vii 



I must express my grateful acknowledgments to those gentlemen who have 

 assisted me in acquiring the necessary information for this volume — to H. T. 

 Stainton, Esq., to Mr. C. G. Barrett, and others in this country, to Prof. P. C. 

 Zeller, of Stettin, and especially to Prof. Fernald, of Maine State College, and to 

 Mr. Cresson and others of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, for enabling 

 me to become acquainted with many of the species described by American, as well 

 as European, authors whose types I have had no opportunity of examining. 



I hope that all adequate precaution has been taken against mere additions to 

 synonymy, which in this group of insects is already so extensive ; but I can scarcely 

 expect to have entirely avoided the error of redescription in a family of Lepidoptera 

 peculiarly difficult to render recognizable even by coloured figures, and equally 

 difficuk to recognize from mere descriptions. Many Californian species approach 

 very closely to well-known European forms, but seem to have some constant, 

 although slight, distinguishing peculiarities. I have not knowingly ventured to 

 describe any such as new, except where I have been able carefully to compare a 

 considerable series of specimens, as in the case of Penthina vetulana, Penthina 

 consanguinana, Pcedisca hirsutana, Pcedisca illotana, Mhyacionia juncticiliana, and 

 others. I have in all cases stated the number of specimens now in the British 

 Museum collection only, without reference to those available for comparison in my 

 own collection. 



To facilitate the study of the North-American Tortricidm represented in the 

 collection of the British Museum, I have given after each genus a list of such of 

 Mr. Walker's species as were placed in that genus by him, but which, for various 

 reasons, have not now retained this position in the catalogue of types. 



In these lists reference is made to such synonyms only as are entitled to take 

 precedence of the names given by Mr. Walker. For these I am indebted partly to 

 Messrs. Grote and Eobinson (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, ii. pp. 83, 84), partly to 

 information received from Prof. Fernald, whose observations on Walker's types will 

 probably appear before this volume is printed, and partly to my own observation 

 and comparison of Walker's specimens, by which means I have in all cases carefully 

 verified the synonymy. 



I have ventured to add a list of all the European species which up to 

 the present time have been observed in North America, together with such as I 



