DIPL0D0MA HERMINATA. l5l 



and July appear not to feed much (if any) again in the spring. Wood 

 notes that " the larva takes at least two years to feed up, being seldom 

 seen in the first year ; " but he notes that he has " once or twice in 

 the autumn found the half- grown case attached low down to the trunk 

 of a tree, almost at the ground level. The full- sized or adult case is 

 more often met with, on palings usually, but also on tree-trunks, from 

 lft. to 3ft. above the ground. The earliest date noted for an adult 

 case is June 5th, and the latest July 19th. The majority found have 

 contained larva that still required to be fed, but this necessity never 

 extended beyond the middle of July, or thereabouts ; they remain 

 active, however, at intervals, through the autumn and following spring, 

 until they finally settle down for pupation at the end of April or 

 beginning of May." To feed them he places " in the vessel in which they 

 are kept strips of cork or wood, on which freshly killed insects, usually 

 flies, are pinned, and these they soon discover if hungry. They should 

 be wintered out of doors, and under this treatment there is no difficulty 

 in rearing them. As I have never found the cases when laid-up for 

 pupation in the spring, it would appear that after it has finished 

 feeding the larva again becomes as secretive as in the first year of its 

 life " (in. litt., April 20th, 1899). Snellen found a larva at Hilversum 

 in autumn ; it ate green " stofmos," dead flies, and spiders, till late in 

 autumn, then it fixed its case by some threads and hybernated. After 

 hybernation it secured its case more firmly, and pupated therein. 

 Sorhagen notes that it has been recorded as hybernating under stones. 

 Healy notes larvae as becoming dormant at any time between August 

 and early November, becoming active again towards the end of 

 December. One observed crawled about, stretched its body out of the 

 case when crawling, and fed on young leaves of lilac (December 2nd, 

 1860), not by eating through the leaf, but by nibbling the under - 

 surface all round the edges of the leaf. 



Pupa. — The $ pupa has a large dorsal head-piece (twice as large 

 as the prothorax), triangular in outline. There are two bristles at base 

 of labrum ; a portion of the eye-collar (maxillary palpus) appears to be 

 present, the labial palpi are well-developed, as also is the labrum. The 

 tips of the wings extend to the end of the 4th abdominal segment, the 

 third pair of legs, beyond wings to the 6th abdominal, the antennae not 

 quite as long as wings, the wings are soldered ventrally as far as the 

 end of 2nd abdominal, free beyond. The leg-scars faint ; each of the 

 spiracles forms a circular opening with thickened border, the 2nd 

 abdominal pair pushed back by wings. The dorsal spines form a 

 transverse band (several spines deep but not arranged in regular rows) 

 placed in front of anterior trapezoidals on abdominal segments 3-7 

 (on 3 only faintly). The tubercles are arranged as in the larva — i and 

 ii trapezoidal (i just internal), iii large, iv (large) and v (small) both 

 subspiracular, vi (with large hair reaching to front of segment), vii 

 (two separate setae), viii single and somewhat posterior. The character- 

 istic recurved hairs (modified tubercular hairs) occur on 7 (one 

 each side), 8 (three each side), 9 (four each side), and 10 (two 

 each side) ; the two dorso-anal spikes conspicuous. The movable 

 incisions are 2-3 (dorsally), 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7 (and, $, 7-8). On 

 dehiscence the eye goes with face-parts and antennae as in Psychids 

 (2 pupa). Chapman notes of the pupa as MIoavs : The pupa has 

 very long rounded prominent jaws Avith distinct articulation against 



