184 



BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Time of appearance. — Cases in early April on oak-trunks. Ima- 

 gines at end of April at Nikolsk ; $ at Wladiwostok on May 17th. 

 Distribution. — Asiatic-Eussia : Amur land, Nikolsk, Wladiwostok (Christoph). 



SOLENOBIA CEMBRELLA, Linne. 



Synonymy. — Species : Cembrella, Linn., " Faun. Suec," p. 365, no. 1422 (1761); 

 " Sys. Nat.," xii. ed., p. 892 [902] , no. 405 (1767); 0. Mull., " Fn. Ins. Frid.," 57, no. 

 508 (1764); " Zool. Dan. Prodr.," 156, no. 1579 (1776); P. Midi., " Ed. L. Sys. Nat.," i., 5, 

 p. 747,no.405(1774-5); [SchifT., "Sys. Verz.,"p. 136, no. 39 = 2 pineti (1716); Goze, 

 "Ent. Btr.," iii., 4, p. 107, no. 405 (1783); Gmel., "L. Sys. Nat.," 13th ed., i., 5, 

 p. 2598, no. 405 (1788); [DeVill., " Linn. Ent.," ii.,477,no. 896, ?=pineti, in part, 

 (1789)]; Jung, " Alph. Verz. Schrn.," p. Ill (1791); [Charp., " Schiff. Schm. 

 Wien. Geg.," 120 = ?pineti (1821)]; Wernbg., "Btr. Schmett.," i., pp. 236-7(1864); 

 Ersch. and Feild, " Cat. Lep.," p. 52 (1870) ; Staud. and Wocke, " Cat.," p. 267, 

 no. 1337 (1871) ; Wlgrn., " Bih. Svensk. Vet.-Ak. Handl.," iii., 5, p. 32, no. 5 (1875) ; 

 Schoyen, "Lep. Ark. Nor.," 217 (1881). Combrella, Fab., "Mant.," ii., p. 248, no. 

 82(1787); "Ent. Syst.," iii., 2, p. 312, no. Ill (1794); [Brgstr.,] "Epit. Ent. Fab.," 

 p. 170(1797); Turton, " Sys. Nat.," iii., p. 372(1802). Clathrella, Tgstr., "Not. 

 Sallsk. Fn. Fenn.," i., p. 107, no. 2 (1847). Pineti, Tgstr., Ibid., iv., p. 175 (1859) ; 

 " Bidr. Fin.," iii., p. 175 (1859) ; " Cat. Lep. Fenn.," 337 (1869) ; ? Wk., " Stett. 

 Ent. Zeit.," xxiii., p. 68 (1862). 



Original description. — Phalaena Tinea cembrella alis fuscis atomis 

 albidis irroratis. Habitat in Pinu sylvestri ; larva intra folliculum 

 scabrum, more Ph. pellionellae. Descr : Minor musca domestica. Alse 

 obtusas, fuscaB punctis albidis conspersse, unde cinereas adparent (Linne, 

 Fauna Suecica, p. 365, no. 1422). 



Imago. — Anterior wings about 13mm. -14mm. in expanse ; dark grey 

 in colour, the paler specklings very faint. Posterior wings unicolorous, 

 rather darker grey than those of most of the allied species [Stainton 

 coll., examples from Finland, Staudinger] . 



Specific identity of S. cembrella, L., and S. pineti, Zell. — In 

 the " Frey " collection are some specimens labelled triquetrella from 

 Polar Norway, received from Staudinger. In the same collection are 

 other specimens called cembrella, also from Polar Norway. These 

 appear to us to be identical, and we have no doubt that both are refer- 

 able to cembrella, Linne, and represent a northern and rather dark form 

 of S. pineti, Zell. This being so, there is no alternative but to consider 

 the latter a southern variety of the former. The life-history that fol- 

 lows is taken from the more southern form — pineti. 



Sexual dimorphism. — The winged male has been already described. 

 The almost apterous female with extended ovipositor is two lines long, 

 of a dirty greenish colour, with a small black head and prominent 

 black eyes ; the antennae very like those of 8. triquetrella, blackish- 

 brown with 17-19 joints ; legs blackish-brown with 4-jointed tarsus ; 

 the thoracic segments carry dark brown dorsal shields, the 7 dorsal 

 spots and the ventral spots are also dark brown ; the ventral ganglia 

 shine through like a row of brown dots ; ovipositor black ; anal tuft 

 white (Hofmann). The dried female is smaller than the male, glossy 

 black-brown with paler legs and almost snow-white anal tuft (Zeller). 



Variation. — There is no doubt, as we have said, that the pineti of 

 Central Europe is a slightly larger and rather lighter form of S. 

 cembrella. The form of the wing, the minute pale specklings, its 

 general appearance and habitat are identical. We therefore retain the 

 name pineti for the more southern form of the species. 



a. var. pineti, Zell., "Linn. Ent.," vii., pp. 348-351 (1852); H.-Sch., "Sys. 

 Bearb.," v., p. 88, no. Ill (1854) ; Hofm., " Berl. Ent. Zeits.," iv., pp. 46-8 (I860) ; 



