198 BEITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



all striking. The outer edge of fringes lighter than the ground-colour. 

 Hindwings rather long, blunt, light brownish-grey, not glossy, fringes 

 paler. The whole underside is scarcely darker than the upperside of 

 the hindwings (Zeller). Bruand notes the male as having elongated 

 wings with the costa slightly depressed centrally ; the colour grey-brown, 

 slightly darkened, but the forewings are marked with small transverse 

 blackish-grey stria?, forming, with the nervures, which are of the same 

 tint, a lattice work, which makes the wing appear as if covered with a 

 curtain. The head and body are of the same dark colour as the striae 

 and the nervures. The legs and antennas are rather paler. The latter are 

 simply ciliated, with distinct joints, and with a tuft of scales forming a 

 sort of spine, on the left and right, at each joint. Female : Accord- 

 ing to Treitschke, glossy, black-brown ; antennaa black ; white anal 

 tuft, ovipositor black. Zeller's dried example was yellowish-brown, 

 the antennae and ovipositor similarly coloured, the anal tuft pale grey, 

 exteriorly whitish. Bruand describes the female as " blackish-grey, 

 with short legs, appears similar to that of F. crassiorella, although 

 the dried specimens examined do not allow one to see whether it has, 

 like that species, square plates on the dorsal area." 



Comparison of S. clathrella with its allies. — Zeller states that 

 this is " the largest member of the genus, distinguished more particu- 

 larly by its larger head, which appears still larger from its thickened 

 covering of hairs, whilst its blacker body shining through the hair is 

 also a good distinction. It is most like mannii, from which it differs 

 not only in the characters just mentioned, but also in the deeper 

 ' going-back ' costa and the more projecting and rounded apex of the 

 forewings, the whitish-grey spots on the forewings are also somewhat 

 larger and more obsolete ; S. triquetrella is always smaller, more 

 delicate, with less blunt forewings, and only slightly sprinkled with 

 whitish-grey. My other three species are much smaller." 



Case. — The cases in the " Stainton " collection are very different 

 from those of S. mannii but somewhat similar to those of S. triquetrella ; 

 12'5mm. long and 3mm. wide, thinning off at the ends which are 

 somewhat blunt and rough ; covered with particles of brownish earth, 

 sand, &c. (The larvae that made these cases were found on sloe near 

 Vienna, by Mann). The cases vary according to the sex and make the 

 species easily recognised. They are 5'" long, of a brownish earth-colour, 

 freely covered with particles of earth and sand, especially on the edges 

 and head end, rarely with pieces of beetles. The male case is much 

 distended, longish, more attenuated anteriorly than posteriorly, bluntly 

 trigonal, the sharpest edge dorsal, the two lateral are considerably 

 rounded off, more so in some than others. The larva fixes the case 

 just before pupation by the "head end" on a dry grass stem, and 

 swings to and fro in the wind. The interior of the case is smooth, 

 tapestried with glossy white silk. The female case (F. v. Kosl., 1 c, d) 

 is of the same length but only half the width of the male case, and 

 does not appear to belong to the same species. It is also much more 

 attenuated towards the unfastened end than the $ case, yet less so, 

 than the attached end. It is very firmly attached to a stem and lies 

 quite close to the latter (Zeller). Fischer von Koslerstamm has noted 

 that Treitschke has described a wrong case as belonging to this species. 

 Bruand describes the case as being large, much enlarged medially, almost 

 ovoid in form, but with the obtuse edges (or ridges) feebly indicated, 



