262 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



palpus ; the labium has no median division, but the extremity, 

 which is wider than the base, terminates in two rounded lobes ; it 

 has, however, a transverse line,* indicating an articulation (as in ? B. 

 staintoni) ; antennae half length of wings, the wings to the end of the 

 2nd abdominal, the 1st femur and legs well shown ; the 2nd pair of 

 legs a little short of the end of the wings, showing the tips of 

 the 3rd tarsi beyond (Chapman). Bacot notes a male pupa as 

 being dark red-brown in colour, the abdominal segments paler than 

 the thoracic segments (which are nearly black) dorsally, the ventral 

 area of the abdomen being still paler ; also that two raised bosses on 

 the venter of the 9th abdominal appear to be external structures con- 

 nected with the genital organs, and especially well- developed consider- 

 ing the size of the pupa ; the spiracles are rather raised, and rather 

 conspicuous on abdominal segments 3-7, whilst a fair portion of the 

 hindwing is shown on the 2nd abdominal, passing beneath the pri- 

 maries on the 3rd. Speyer calls the pupa yellow-brown in colour, and 

 says that it is of delicate structure, the wing-cases {$ ) pointed at apex, 

 not so long as the antennae. 



Comparison of pup.e of Bacotia sepium and Luffia lapidella. — 

 In the pupae of both sexes of B. sejrium the anterior dorsal spines are 

 properly described as a single row yet they are slightly irregular in 

 spacing and size, and here and there one spine occurs below another 

 (a second row not yet absolutely atrophied). The intersegmental 

 membrane has the tegumental points rather large and rough, but one 

 row has become distinctly spinous as noted in the description above. 

 The dorso-anal spikes (characteristic of the Micro-Psychid pups) are 

 very evident, with no trace of the ventro-anal ones of the Macro- 

 Psychids. In the female pupa of L. lajriddla, which is exceedingly 

 similar to that of B. sepium,, the dorsal anterior spines are coarser, 

 larger and fewer, but more regularly aligned than in the latter, but 

 there is no posterior set, although many rows of the points of the 

 intersegmental membrane are very sharp and prominent, and of tri- 

 angular shape, at least the free portion of them is. In this pupa then 

 we see the beginning of the process by which the posterior row of 

 spines in the Macro-Psychid pupa originates (Chapman). 



Food-plants. — Lichens on the trunks and branches of Abies excelsa 

 (Fletcher), lichens growing on old oak palings, and on hornbeam 

 (Bruand), lichens on sloe (Frey), wall and tree lichens (Heinemann), 

 lichens on tree-trunks and fences (Glitz), lichens on old fences (Zeller), 

 Parmelia parietina (Paux) . 



Habits and Habitat. — The insect appears to be confined to woods 

 in which there are old lichen-covered trees, the case is fixed by the 

 larva just before pupation perpendicularly to the surface on which it 

 rests, and on emergence the male pupa protrudes the greater part of 

 its body, the female pupa remaining within the case. The female 

 moth, however, comes out of the case, and one that emerged July 7th, 

 1899, took up a position directly above the cavity at the apex of the 

 larval case, standing almost horizontally when at rest, but lowering 

 herself almost in line with the case when disturbed. Zeller also notes 

 the female as sitting closely on the upper part of the case to await 



* This line is apparently hidden behind the labruni in most pupae where there 

 is greater development of the palpi. 



