270 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



the abdomen of the male for the purpose of copulation. Spiiler (Lepi- 

 dopteren- Fauna Baden, 2nd ed., p. 30) very properly points out that 

 Epichnopteryx is very distinct from Fumea, that pulla, sieboldii and 

 nudella (suriens) have vermiform females that do not emerge from the 

 larval case, whilst the species remaining under Fumea are more nearly 

 related to the Taleporiids. He further notes that the females of 

 Bijugis have antennas and legs somewhat arrested in development, but 

 do not emerge from the case, the females of this genus thus forming 

 a transition between Fumea and Epichnopteryx. As we have already 

 stated, Chapman considers them to be rather intermediate between the 

 latter and Luffia. We may here note that since the most specialised 

 Macro-Psychids are without anterior tibial spurs, those with these 

 structures must also be considered as somewhat transitional. 



We suspect that we shall be in agreement with most synonymists 

 in our objection to the term Canephoridae, as applied by Herrich- 

 Schaffer, Hofmann, and Heylaerts to the combined Epichnopterygid 

 and Fumeid groups, for Hiibner, although including all the Macro- 

 Psychids in his Canephorae-verae (Verz., p. 398), restricted the generic 

 title Canephora to graminella (unicolor) (Tent., p. 2), which, therefore, 

 becomes the type of this genus. The Canephoridae, we consider, must 

 contain this genus, from which it takes its name, and hence appears 

 to be synonymous with our Psychidae ; besides, the section that these 

 authors misname was, as we have shown (ante, p. 265), treated as a 

 separate division by Hiibner (Verz., p. 399) under the name Epich- 

 noptences, which would, therefore, stand for this particular group were 

 it, indeed, a natural one, but we have already shown that the true 

 Epichnopterygids are not really very closely allied to the Fumeids, 

 and hence the Epichnopterygids must be considered as being more or 

 less restricted to the genera Bijugis, Psychidea, and Epichnopteryx, of 

 which bombycella, sapho, and nudella are respectively well-known typical 

 species. 



Speyer gives (Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1865, p. 250) some general views on 

 the classification of the Psychidae. After stating that the insects 

 included in Herrich-Schaffer's genus Psyche (Sys. Bearb., ii., p. 21) 

 could not be retained in one genus, he named the group corresponding 

 with Herrich-Schaffer's div. v., Oreopsyche, which he says has " the 

 wings entirely devoid of scales, only clothed with fine appressed hairs, 

 the membrane either clear as glass (muscella, angiistella, &c.) or more 

 or less of a dark smoky-grey colour varying to black (plumistrella, &c). 

 This is then subdivided on less important characters, into three 

 sections, including: (1) albida, (2) tabanella, angustella (atra), mus- 

 cella, plumifera, mediterranea, hirsutella, W.V., (3) plumistrella, tenella. 

 He restricts the name Oreopsyche more particularly to the second 

 section. Standfuss has shown (Beobach. Schles. Art. des Genus Psyche, 

 pp. 16-17) that intermediate conditions of hairs and scales occur in 

 certain of the Psychids, whilst Heylaerts states that the species in Oreo- 

 psyche, Speyer, have scales as well as hairs, e.g., 0. tenella, 0. plumifera, 

 &c. Standfuss describes the hairs and scales found in the Psychids as : 



Haiks. — Cylindrical, not (or only slightly) transparent, gradually decrease from 

 base to apex and end in a fine point, without the striae exhibited by ordinary lepi- 

 dopterous scales. 



Hair-scales. — Flattened, transparent, increasing gradually in width from base 

 to centre and then decrease to apex that ends in a point, have strias similar to 

 those of ordinary lepidopterous scales. 



