302 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



ffidoe. The anterior tibial spurs are equally constant in the terminal 

 forms but less settled low down. We first find, therefore, scaled 

 antennal pectinations in the lower Fumeids, then the gradual acquisi- 

 tion of long anterior tibial spurs ; a tendency to develop long spurs 

 also occurred in the Bijugids, but did not affect the Epichnopterygids. 

 The long anterior tibial spurs of Fumea (as limited above) and the 

 absence of the cellula intrusa suggest distinctly that they are on the 

 direct line of evolution of the true Psychidae, the intermediate con- 

 ditions of the anterior tibial spurs and the presence of the cellula intrusa 

 placing Masonia and Bruandia nearer the Luffiids and Proutiids, and 

 also nearer the Epichnopterygids. The presence of the pupal ventro- 

 anal spikes show these Fumeids to be distinctly Macro-Psychid 

 whilst the larvae are very similar to those of Proutia. Although the 

 carrying of the pupal head-parts by the female on emergence is rather 

 a character of Proutia and Epichnopteryx, Chapman observes that he 

 has seen several Fumea females with the pupal head-parts attached, so 

 that Fumea has clearly not escaped this tendency, still in Fumea 

 it is very unusual, and one might say pathological, as it occurs 

 only rarely and in individuals of species that have not the habit 

 normally, and there are usually with the head-parts some other 

 pupal parts not symmetrical on both sides. The apterous female, 

 even when copulation is taking place, keeps the ovipositor partly 

 within the case, the eggs being afterwards laid within the empty 

 pupal skin. The eggs themselves are not so fragile as those of Luffia 

 or Epichnopteryx, and are mixed with the hairs from the anal 

 tuft. Latitude has a great deal to do with the time of emergence of 

 the imagines, but, in Britain, from the middle of June until the middle 

 of July covers the general period of emergence for the imagines of 

 most of our species. 



There is no modern work from which one may obtain a brief 

 knowledge of the Palsearctic species that are not British, and as we are 

 quite ignorant of the number of species inhabiting our islands we 

 propose giving a brief summary thereof. No known species of 

 Bruandia occurs in Britain, unless norvegica [which Heylaerts states 

 (in litt.) most positively has the cellula intrusa] occurs in our more 

 northern latitudes. The following are 



The Pal^ahctic species of the genus Bruandia. 



Bruandia reticulatella, Bruand. — Original description. Psyche reti- 

 culatetta, Mann, Mas 13mm. Alas rotundatae, nitentes; anticae pallide albo-griseae, 

 fasciis transversis brunneis tesselatas, posticse subhyalinae. Anteriarum costa, 

 omnium margo brunneae ; fimbria albicans, nitensque. Antennas tenuibus plumulis 

 pectinatse, brunneo-cinerere ; caput concolor, necnon corpus. Femina larvaque 

 ignotffi (Bruand, Mon. des Psychides, p. 88). 



Bruand (who describes from one of Mann's Austrian specimens) 

 compares it in shape and form of wings with a small pulla ; the fore- 

 wings very pale grey, with transverse brown reticulations which extend 

 from the costa to the inner margin ; there are a dozen of these trans- 

 verse rays and they form a W in the middle of the wing ; the costa 

 and the margin preceding the fringe are brown, the fringe itself whitish, 

 silky, and very shiny on all four wings. The hindwings are grey- 

 brown, a little hyaline, almost unicolorous, with the margin preceding 

 the fringe as in the fore wings. The body and the antenna? are of a 

 pale grey-brown, the latter ciliated with rather fine pectinations. Chap- 



