320 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



distribution (or even of the number of species) in Britain or on the 

 continent of Europe. 



What number of species have we in Fumea ? We take it that robori- 

 colclla (ante, pp. 281-283) has no standing as a species whatever, if it 

 has, Bruand's ? and figures of neuration show it to be a Proutia and 

 the case, therefore, possibly would not belong to the same species. Affinis, 

 as sent out by continental authorities, appears to be a combination of 

 forms referable (1) to crassiorella and (2) to germanica, whilst we con- 

 sider that casta, J?aXL.=nitidella, Axict. = inter mediella, Brd. Norregica, 

 Heyl., cannot be a Fumea because of its cellula intrusa. Chapman 

 notes of these Fumeas that " there is a large group of forms of a size 

 from M. crassiorella downwards, that have 19 or 20 joints to the 

 antennas, rarely only 18, and a tibial spur of length -77- # 80, which passes 

 without very definite demarcation into an abundant series of rather 

 smaller insects of more uniform size, with 18 joints to the antennas 

 and tibial spurs of about -77. No difference appears to be able to be 

 detected in the females of these two groups, the tarsal formula being 

 in all 5, 5, 5, and one cannot always be sure to which form any 

 particular specimen belongs. If these represent two species they would 

 probably be inter mediella and casta (nitidella) ; the only reliable charac- 

 ters of difference would be those of size and that the former has 19 or 

 20 (very rarely 18) antennal joints, whilst the latter has with some 

 constancy only 18 joints. Besides these are some somewhat doubtful 

 examples of which var. boiverella, germanica (sent as affinis from the 

 continent by Voelschow, but evidently a distinct species), and scotica 

 (as large as M. crassiorella) are the most striking." Chapman inclines to 

 consider the following (with perhaps the exception of scotica) as forms 

 of one rather protean species, represented by various local races (which 

 may be accepted as species by those who so incline) : 



Scotica, ant. tibial spurs "78, antennas 19-20 joints, expanse 13mm.-16mm. 



Inter mediella, ant. tibial spurs -77-'81, antennas (18)19-20 joints, expanse 12mm.- 

 14mm. 



Casta (nitidella), spurs "77, antennas 18 joints, expanse 12mm. -13mm. 



Bowerella, spurs *77, antennas 1(3 joints, expanse 11mm. -13mm. 



Minor, spurs -77, antennas 18 joints, expanse 9mm. -10mm. 



Fumea scotica, Chapman. 



Original description. — A large form. . . . with a wing- 

 expanse reaching to 15mm., but in which the tibial spur remains of a 

 length equal to -8 of the tibia and the antennas have from 18 to 20 

 joints (Chapman, P-roc. Ent. Soc. London, 1899, p. xxvi). 



Note on F. scotica.— This is a very large form and of very robust 

 appearance, so that it is very difficult to resist the conclusion that it is 

 a distinct species. It agrees with F. casta var. intermediella in having 

 19-20 antennal joints and the anterior tibial spur -78 the length of the 

 tibia, but in size it rivals that of M: crassiorella being 13mm. -16mm., 

 and in apparent solidity and robustness it exceeds it. This form comes 

 from Bannoch and Sutherlandshire (Chapman, in lift., December 15th, 

 1899). 



Fumea casta, Pallas. 

 Synonymy. — Species: Casta, Pall., "Nov. Act. Ac. Caes. Nat.," iii., p. 435, pi. 

 vii., figs 1-5 (1767); Wernbg., " Btr.," i., pp. 316, 356, 372, 377; ii., pp. 130, 167 

 (1864) ; Kirby, " Cat. Lep.," p. 523 (1892) ; Tutt, " Ent. Bee," xi., p. 237 (1899) ; 

 Chapm., "Ent. Rec," xi., p. 324 (1899); " Proe. Ent. Soc. Lond.," 1899, p. xxv 

 (1900). Tubifex, Betz., "Gen. et Spec. Ins.," p. 37, no. 50 (1783). Palearis, 



