334 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Constant says that it does not occur in the Kiviera.] Eeutti notes the 

 cases as spun-up on walls, fences and trees, being sometimes in great 

 abundance in Baden. Cases found occasionally everywhere on grasses, 

 old walls, rock, beech trunks. Hofmann says that the cases are 

 generally found on the trunks of deciduous trees, especially hazel and 

 oak. Eiihl notes the larvae as not rare in the neighbourhood of Zurich, 

 the full-fed larvae in their cases on trunks of hazel, sloe, oak, &c. 

 Speyer obtained the cases on stems of privet and on fences, in May and 

 early June, the imagines emerging from June until August. Schrank 

 narrates (Fauna Boica, ii., 2, p. 91) circumstantially how he obtained 

 parthenogenetic eggs after several failures. 



Time of appearance. — Generally emerges in June and occurs until 

 mid- July. June 4th, 1844, in the New Forest, June 30th, 1845, bred 

 from cases found on fir trees in Black Park (Douglas) ; June 

 26th 1858, at West Wickham (Barrett) ; cases May 20th, 1860, 

 on Addington fence, also on trees ; cases at West Wickham fence 

 from May 27th-June 10th, 1860, still abundant on Addington 

 fence on July 1st, 1860, although some imagines had already 

 emerged (Healy) ; last week in June, 1865, on Pilling Moss, July 4th 

 and July 13th-15th, 1869, at Witherslack (Hodgkinson) ; case May 

 16th, imago June 13th, 1871, at Wanstead, case and imago June 

 14th, 1893, at Brentwood, case May 15th, 1894, imago June 5th, 

 1894, case May 19th, imago June 17th, 1894, imagines June 18th, 



1893, June 27th, 1893 (assembled), June 20th, June 22nd, June 30th, 



1894, at Bainham (Burrows) ; caught June 28th, 29th, 1892, June 2nd, 



1893, June 20th, 1895, June 3rd-12th, 1896, bred July 13th, 1888, 

 June 29th-30th from cases collected June 28th-29th, 1892, June 4th, 

 from a case found May 4th, 1893, June 13th-23rd from cases found 

 June 7th, 1894, all in the Isle of Purbeck, caught July 3rd, 1891, at 

 West Moors, bred June 22nd, from cases collected June 6th, 1887, in 

 the Isle of Portland, bred June 28th from case found June 19th, 



1894, at Bloxworth, bred June 19th-21st, from cases obtained June 

 12th-14th, 1889, in the New Forest ; bred May 31st from cases re- 

 ceived May 14th, 1890, from Gosport ; June 18th, 1884, a male, 

 June 20th, female, bred from cases collected in New Forest May 28th- 

 31st, 1884 (Bankes) ; August 1st, 1885, in Purbeck (Bigby) ; June 

 14th, 1893, flying in afternoon sun at 4.0 p.m. at Perivale, pupae and 

 larvae on sallow at Abbott's Wood June 14th, 1897, emerged (both 

 sexes) June 23rd-30th, 1897 (Montgomery) ; imagines captured June 

 20th, 1895, June 24th, 1896, June 19th, 1897, flying in sunshine at 

 King's Lynn (Atmore) ; June 24th, 1894, from Southend cases found 

 May 6th, June 27th, at Eastwood, July 7th, 1898, at Hockley, imagines 

 emerged July 11th, 1899, and onwards from Eastwood cases (Whittle), 

 May 18th, 1894, cases on fences at Mottingham, May 22nd, 1894, cases 

 made up on fences at Bexley, June 16th, 1894, cases made up on 

 tree-trunks at Greenhithe, June 18th, 1895, cases made up on 

 fences at Bexley, June 3rd, 1896, cases made up at same place, 

 June 11th, 1896, cases made up on tree-trunks at Sidcup, from which 

 imagines appeared June llth-27th, 1896, May 27th, 1897, cases made 

 up on fence at Bexley, June 10th, 1897, imago flying in afternoon 

 at Eltham (Bower) ; June 9th, 1899, two males, June 12th, three 

 males, June 13th, one male from Kingston-on-Thames cases ; June 

 27th, 1899, one female from Byfleet case, June 10th, one male, 

 June 12th, one male from Mecklenburg cases, June 13th, one female, 



